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Membership Inference attacks (MIAs) aim to predict whether a data sample was present in the training data of a machine learning model or not, and are widely used for assessing the privacy risks of language models. Most existing attacks rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Justus Mattern , Fatemehsadat Mireshghallah , Zhijing Jin , Bernhard Schölkopf , Mrinmaya Sachan , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick

Deep learning models have an intrinsic privacy issue as they memorize parts of their training data, creating a privacy leakage. Membership Inference Attacks (MIA) exploit it to obtain confidential information about the data used for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Daniel Jiménez-López , Nuria Rodríguez-Barroso , M. Victoria Luzón , Francisco Herrera

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to memorizing training data, which poses serious privacy risks. Two of the most prominent concerns are training data extraction and Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs). Prior research has shown that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Ali Al Sahili , Ali Chehab , Razane Tajeddine

Diffusion models have achieved tremendous success in image generation, but they also raise significant concerns regarding privacy and copyright issues. Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) are designed to ascertain whether specific data was…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Puwei Lian , Yujun Cai , Songze Li , Bingkun Bao

Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) act as a crucial auditing tool for the opaque training data of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing techniques predominantly rely on inaccessible model internals (e.g., logits) or suffer from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Jiatong Yi , Yanyang Li

Machine learning (ML) models have been shown to be vulnerable to Membership Inference Attacks (MIA), which infer the membership of a given data point in the target dataset by observing the prediction output of the ML model. While the key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Shakila Mahjabin Tonni , Dinusha Vatsalan , Farhad Farokhi , Dali Kaafar , Zhigang Lu , Gioacchino Tangari

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) are widely used to empirically assess privacy risks in machine learning models, both providing model-level vulnerability metrics and identifying the most vulnerable training samples. State-of-the-art…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Joseph Pollock , Igor Shilov , Euodia Dodd , Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye

Large Multimodal Language Models (MLLMs) are emerging as one of the foundational tools in an expanding range of applications. Consequently, understanding training-data leakage in these systems is increasingly critical. Log-probability-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Ziyi Tong , Feifei Sun , Le Minh Nguyen

In this paper we develop state-of-the-art privacy attacks against Large Language Models (LLMs), where an adversary with some access to the model tries to learn something about the underlying training data. Our headline results are new…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Jeffrey G. Wang , Jason Wang , Marvin Li , Seth Neel

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) have emerged as the standard tool for evaluating the privacy risks of AI models. However, state-of-the-art attacks require training numerous, often computationally expensive, reference models, limiting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Euodia Dodd , Nataša Krčo , Igor Shilov , Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye

Large language models (LLMs) have become essential tools for digital task assistance. Their training relies heavily on the collection of vast amounts of data, which may include copyright-protected or sensitive information. Recent studies on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Sagiv Antebi , Edan Habler , Asaf Shabtai , Yuval Elovici

The membership inference attack (MIA) is a popular paradigm for compromising the privacy of a machine learning (ML) model. MIA exploits the natural inclination of ML models to overfit upon the training data. MIAs are trained to distinguish…

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) against Diffusion Models (DMs) raise pressing privacy concerns by revealing whether a sample was part of the training set. While existing methods typically rely on measuring reconstruction error across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Mingxing Rao , Bowen Qu , Daniel Moyer

Recent work shows membership inference attacks (MIAs) on large language models (LLMs) produce inconclusive results, partly due to difficulties in creating non-member datasets without temporal shifts. While researchers have turned to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Ali Naseh , Niloofar Mireshghallah

Membership inference attacks aim to detect if a particular data point was used in training a model. We design a novel statistical test to perform robust membership inference attacks (RMIA) with low computational overhead. We achieve this by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-13 Sajjad Zarifzadeh , Philippe Liu , Reza Shokri

Given the rising popularity of AI-generated art and the associated copyright concerns, identifying whether an artwork was used to train a diffusion model is an important research topic. The work approaches this problem from the membership…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Jingwei Li , Jing Dong , Tianxing He , Jingzhao Zhang

Deep learning models, while achieving remarkable performances, are vulnerable to membership inference attacks (MIAs). Although various defenses have been proposed, there is still substantial room for improvement in the privacy-utility…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Yuefeng Peng , Ali Naseh , Amir Houmansadr

Membership inference attack (MIA) has become one of the most widely used and effective methods for evaluating the privacy risks of machine learning models. These attacks aim to determine whether a specific sample is part of the model's…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Jing Xue , Zhishen Sun , Haishan Ye , Luo Luo , Xiangyu Chang , Ivor Tsang , Guang Dai

Machine unlearning (MU) is essential for enforcing the right to be forgotten in machine learning systems. A key challenge of MU is how to reliably audit whether a model has truly forgotten specified training data. Membership Inference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Jialong Sun , Zeming Wei , Jiaxuan Zou , Jiacheng Gong , Jie Fu , Chengyang Dong , Heng Xu , Jialong Li , Bo Liu

Masked Image Modeling (MIM) has achieved significant success in the realm of self-supervised learning (SSL) for visual recognition. The image encoder pre-trained through MIM, involving the masking and subsequent reconstruction of input…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Zheng Li , Xinlei He , Ning Yu , Yang Zhang
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