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Effective routing of entanglements over a quantum network is a fundamental problem in quantum communication. Due to the fragility of quantum states, it is difficult to route entanglements at long distances. Graph states can be utilized for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-24 Nirupam Basak , Goutam Paul

Generating a long-distance quantum entanglement is one of the most essential functions of a quantum network to support quantum communication and computing applications. The successful entanglement rate during a probabilistic entanglement…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Yiming Zeng , Jiarui Zhang , Ji Liu , Zhenhua Liu , Yuanyuan Yang

Multipartite entangled states are great resources for quantum networks. In this work we study the distribution, or routing, of entangled states over fixed, but arbitrary, physical networks. Our simplified model represents each use of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-04 Clément Meignant , Damian Markham , Frédéric Grosshans

In quantum networks, one way to communicate is to distribute entanglements through swapping at intermediate nodes. Most existing work primarily aims to create efficient two-party end-to-end entanglement over long distances. However, some…

Distributing entanglement among multiple users is a fundamental problem in quantum networks, requiring an efficient solution. In this work, a protocol is proposed for extracting maximally entangled (GHZn) states for any number of parties in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-15 Vaisakh Mannalath , Anirban Pathak

We study the performance (rate and fidelity) of distributing multipartite entangled states in a quantum network through the use of a central node. Specifically, we consider the scenario where the multipartite entangled state is first…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-07 Guus Avis , Filip Rozpędek , Stephanie Wehner

We consider the problem of distributing entangled multipartite states across a quantum network with improved distribution rate and fidelity. For this, we propose fidelity-aware multi-path routing protocols, assess their performance in terms…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-08 Evan Sutcliffe , Alejandra Beghelli

We study entanglement generation in a quantum network where repeater nodes can perform $n$-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger(GHZ) swaps, i.e., projective measurements, to fuse $n$ imperfect-Fidelity entangled-state fragments. We show that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-07 Eneet Kaur , Saikat Guha

Quantum networks will be able to service consumers with long-distance entanglement by use of quantum repeaters that generate Bell pairs (or links) with their neighbors, iid with probability $p$ and perform Bell State Measurements (BSMs) on…

We introduce a class of two-level multi-particle Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states, and study entanglement swapping between two systems for Bell states and the class of GHZ states in qubit systems, respectively. We give the formulas…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-22 Zhaoxu Ji , Peiru Fan , Huanguo Zhang

The Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entanglement, originally introduced to uncover the extreme violation of local realism against quantum mechanics, is an important resource for multiparty quantum communication tasks. But the low…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-05 Yao Fu , Hua-Lei Yin , Teng-Yun Chen , Zeng-Bing Chen

We conduct a comparative study to determine the initial quality necessary to extend the distance range of an $N$-qubit GHZ state (the parent state) using two-dimensional repeaters. We analyzed two strategies for distributing initial GHZ…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-20 Mohadeseh Azari , Amy Babay , Prashant Krishnamurthy , Kaushik Seshadreesan

We introduce an efficient and versatile quantum teleportation protocol for specific types of n-qubit entangled states. By employing a partially entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state as the quantum channel and an optimal Positive…

Quantum multi-hop teleportation is important in the field of quantum communication. In this study, we propose a quantum multi-hop communication model and a quantum routing protocol with multi-hop teleportation for wireless mesh backbone…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-09 Pei-Ying Xiong , Xu-Tao Yu , Zai-Chen Zhang , Hai-Tao Zhan , Jing-Yu Hua

Distributed quantum entanglement plays a crucial role in realizing networks that connect quantum devices. However, sharing entanglement between distant nodes by means of photons is a challenging process primary due to unavoidable losses in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-27 Hikaru Shimizu , Wojciech Roga , David Elkouss , Masahiro Takeoka

Entanglement routing in near-term quantum networks consists of choosing the optimal sequence of short-range entanglements to combine through swapping operations to establish end-to-end entanglement between two distant nodes. Similar to…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Amar Abane , Michael Cubeddu , Van Sy Mai , Abdella Battou

In a quantum network that successfully creates links, shared Bell states between neighboring repeater nodes, with probability $p$ in each time slot, and performs Bell State Measurements at nodes with success probability $q<1$, the end to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-15 Ashlesha Patil , Joshua I. Jacobson , Emily van Milligen , Don Towsley , Saikat Guha

Quantum entanglement swapping is one of the most promising ways to realize the quantum connection among local quantum nodes. In this Letter, we present an experimental demonstration of the entanglement swapping between two independent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-21 Xiaolong Su , Caixing Tian , Xiaowei Deng , Qiang Li , Changde Xie , Kunchi Peng

The entanglement behavior of two classes of multi-qubit system, GHZ and GHZ like states passing through a generalized amplitude damping channel is discussed. Despite this channel causes degradation of the entangled properties and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-18 N. Metwally

The distribution of high-quality Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states is at the heart of many quantum communication tasks, ranging from extending the baseline of telescopes to secret sharing. They also play an important role in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-02 Sébastian de Bone , Runsheng Ouyang , Kenneth Goodenough , David Elkouss
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