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The design and implementation of unit tests is a complex task many programmers neglect. This research evaluates the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in automatically generating test cases, comparing them with manual tests. An…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Martín Rodríguez , Gustavo Rossi , Alejandro Fernandez

Software documentation is essential for program comprehension, developer onboarding, code review, and long-term maintenance. Yet producing quality documentation manually is time-consuming and frequently yields incomplete or inconsistent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Afia Farjana , Zaiyu Cheng , Antonio Mastropaolo

As modern science becomes increasingly data-intensive, the ability to analyze and visualize large-scale, complex datasets is critical to accelerating discovery. However, many domain scientists lack the programming expertise required to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Apu Kumar Chakroborti , Yi Ding , Lipeng Wan

In this paper, we propose a novel prompting approach aimed at enhancing the ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate accurate Python code. Specifically, we introduce a prompt template designed to improve the quality and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Rogelio Cruz , Jonatan Contreras , Francisco Guerrero , Ezequiel Rodriguez , Carlos Valdez , Citlali Carrillo

This paper analyzes the performance of Small Language Models (SLMs) and Vision Language Models (VLMs) and evaluates the trade-off between model performance and carbon emissions across 4 essential tasks: Image Captioning, Visual Question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Abhas Kumar , Kapil Pathak , Rajesh Kavuru , Prabhakar Srinivasan

Large language models (LLMs) are used in software development to assist in various tasks, e.g., code generation and code completion, but empirical evaluations of the quality of the results produced by these models focus on correctness and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Lola Solovyeva , Sophie Weidmann , Fernando Castor

Automated unit test generation is critical for software quality but traditional structure-driven methods often lack the semantic understanding required to produce realistic inputs and oracles. Large language models (LLMs) address this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Bei Chu , Yang Feng , Kui Liu , Zhaoqiang Guo , Yichi Zhang , Hange Shi , Zifan Nan , Baowen Xu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise for automated source-code translation, a capability critical to software migration, maintenance, and interoperability. Yet comparative evidence on how model choice, prompt design, and prompt…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Aamer Aljagthami , Mohammed Banabila , Musab Alshehri , Mohammed Kabini , Mohammad D. Alahmadi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used by software engineers for code generation. However, limitations of LLMs such as irrelevant or incorrect code have highlighted the need for prompt programming (or prompt engineering) where…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Ranim Khojah , Francisco Gomes de Oliveira Neto , Mazen Mohamad , Philipp Leitner

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to automate software engineering tasks, including the generation of UML class diagrams from natural language descriptions. While prior work demonstrates that LLMs can produce…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Rabia Iftikhar , Andreas Rausch

The rapid technological evolution has accelerated software development for various domains and use cases, contributing to a growing share of global carbon emissions. While recent large language models (LLMs) claim to assist developers in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Pooja Rani , Jan-Andrea Bard , June Sallou , Alexander Boll , Timo Kehrer , Alberto Bacchelli

Energy-efficient software helps improve mobile device experiences and reduce the carbon footprint of data centers. However, energy goals are often de-prioritized in order to meet other requirements. We take inspiration from recent work…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in code generation tasks, powering various applications like code completion, debugging, and programming assistance. However, existing benchmarks such as HumanEval, MBPP, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Manik Sheokand , Parth Sawant

Rapid advances in language models (LMs) have created new opportunities for automated code generation while complicating trade-offs between model characteristics and prompt design choices. In this work, we provide an empirical map of recent…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Luca Collini , Andrew Hennesee , Patrick Yubeaton , Siddharth Garg , Ramesh Karri

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become widely used across various domains spanning search engines, code generation, and text creation. However, a major concern associated with their adoption is the high cost of inference, impacting both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Marta Adamska , Daria Smirnova , Hamid Nasiri , Zhengxin Yu , Peter Garraghan

To combat climate change, individuals are encouraged to adopt sustainable habits, in particular, with their household, optimizing their electrical consumption. Conversational agents, such as Smart Home Assistants, hold promise as effective…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Mathyas Giudici , Alessandro Sironi , Ismaele Villa , Samuele Scherini , Franca Garzotto

Human-produced emissions are growing at an alarming rate, causing already observable changes in the climate and environment in general. Each year global carbon dioxide emissions hit a new record, and it is reported that 0.5% of total US…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Aida Usmanova , Junbo Huang , Debayan Banerjee , Ricardo Usbeck

Large Language Models (LLMs) have rapidly transformed software development, especially in code generation. However, their inconsistent performance, prone to hallucinations and quality issues, complicates program comprehension and hinders…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Antonio Della Porta , Stefano Lambiase , Fabio Palomba

Context. The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to their widespread adoption in development pipelines. Goal. We empirically assess the energy efficiency of Python code generated by LLMs against human-written code and code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Radu Apsan , Vincenzo Stoico , Michel Albonico , Rudra Dhar , Karthik Vaidhyanathan , Ivano Malavolta

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated unparalleled prowess in mimicking human-like text generation and processing. Among the myriad of applications that benefit from LLMs, automated code generation is increasingly promising. The…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Lincoln Murr , Morgan Grainger , David Gao