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The conventional Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) paradigm of injecting raw retrieved texts into the Large Language Model (LLM)'s context often results in suboptimal integration of retrieved information. This paper proposes to bridge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Sangkwon Park , Donghun Kang , Jisoo Mok , Sungroh Yoon

Acquiring structured data from domain-specific, image-based documents such as scanned reports is crucial for many downstream tasks but remains challenging due to document variability. Many of these documents exist as images rather than as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Qiang Sun , Sirui Li , Tingting Bi , Du Huynh , Mark Reynolds , Yuanyi Luo , Wei Liu

LLM-based equation discovery offers a promising route to recovering symbolic laws from data, but many systems still rely on generation-centered loops that propose candidates, fit parameters, score results, and reuse selected examples. Such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jiarui Su , Songjun Tu , Bei Sun , Xiaojun Liang

Query reformulation is a well-known problem in Information Retrieval (IR) aimed at enhancing single search successful completion rate by automatically modifying user's input query. Recent methods leverage Large Language Models (LLMs) to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Wonduk Seo , Haojie Zhang , Yueyang Zhang , Changhao Zhang , Songyao Duan , Lixin Su , Daiting Shi , Jiashu Zhao , Dawei Yin

Effective document reranking is essential for improving search relevance across diverse applications. While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at reranking due to their deep semantic understanding and reasoning, their high computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Dimitar Peshevski , Kiril Blazhevski , Martin Popovski , Gjorgji Madjarov

The quadratic complexity of self-attention constrains Large Language Models (LLMs) in processing long contexts, a capability essential for many advanced applications. Context compression aims to alleviate this computational bottleneck while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Yangning Li , Shaoshen Chen , Yinghui Li , Yankai Chen , Hai-Tao Zheng , Hui Wang , Wenhao Jiang , Philip S. Yu

Retrieving pertinent documents from various data sources with diverse characteristics poses a significant challenge for Document Retrieval Systems. The complexity of this challenge is further compounded when accounting for the semantic…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Apurva Kulkarni , Chandrashekar Ramanathan , Vinu E Venugopal

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems typically treat documents as flat text, ignoring the structured metadata and linked relationships that knowledge graphs provide. In this paper, we investigate whether structured linked data,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Andrea Volpini , Elie Raad , Beatrice Gamba , David Riccitelli

Real-world open-domain questions can be complicated, particularly when answering them involves information from multiple information sources. LLMs have demonstrated impressive performance in decomposing complex tasks into simpler steps, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Peter Baile Chen , Yi Zhang , Michael Cafarella , Dan Roth

Information extraction from copy-heavy documents, characterized by massive volumes of structurally similar content, represents a critical yet understudied challenge in enterprise document processing. We present a systematic framework that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zilong Wang , Xiaoyu Shen

Document understanding (VRDU) in regulated domains is particularly challenging, since scanned documents often contain sensitive, evolving, and domain specific knowledge. This leads to two major challenges: the lack of manual annotations for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yihao Ding , Qiang Sun , Puzhen Wu , Sirui Li , Siwen Luo , Wei Liu

Accurate question answering over real spreadsheets remains difficult due to multirow headers, merged cells, and unit annotations that disrupt naive chunking, while rigid SQL views fail on files lacking consistent schemas. We present SQuARE,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Chinmay Gondhalekar , Urjitkumar Patel , Fang-Chun Yeh

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated strong capabilities in tool use, yet progress in tool retrieval remains hindered by incomplete and heterogeneous tool documentation. To address this challenge, we introduce Tool-DE, a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Xuan Lu , Haohang Huang , Rui Meng , Yaohui Jin , Wenjun Zeng , Xiaoyu Shen

In real practice, questions are typically complex and knowledge-intensive, requiring Large Language Models (LLMs) to recognize the multifaceted nature of the question and reason across multiple information sources. Iterative and adaptive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Boyi Zhang , Zhuo Liu , Hangfeng He

In the field of multi-document summarization (MDS), transformer-based models have demonstrated remarkable success, yet they suffer an input length limitation. Current methods apply truncation after the retrieval process to fit the context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Shiyin Tan , Jaeeon Park , Dongyuan Li , Renhe Jiang , Manabu Okumura

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) integrated with external tools and APIs have successfully addressed complex tasks by using in-context learning or fine-tuning. Despite this progress, the vast scale of tool retrieval…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Yuxiang Zhang , Xin Fan , Junjie Wang , Chongxian Chen , Fan Mo , Tetsuya Sakai , Hayato Yamana

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding and task generalization. However, their application to structured data analysis remains fragile due to inconsistencies in schema…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Amit Rath

This paper introduces annotative indexing, a novel framework that unifies and generalizes traditional inverted indexes, column stores, object stores, and graph databases. As a result, annotative indexing can provide the underlying indexing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Charles L. A. Clarke

Automating the annotation of scanned documents is challenging, requiring a balance between computational efficiency and accuracy. DocParseNet addresses this by combining deep learning and multi-modal learning to process both text and visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Ahmad Mohammadshirazi , Ali Nosrati Firoozsalari , Mengxi Zhou , Dheeraj Kulshrestha , Rajiv Ramnath

Deploying dense retrieval models efficiently is becoming increasingly important across various industries. This is especially true for enterprise search services, where customizing search engines to meet the time demands of different…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Chen Huang , Duanyu Feng , Wenqiang Lei , Jiancheng Lv