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Multi-modal Large Langue Models (MLLMs) often process thousands of visual tokens, which consume a significant portion of the context window and impose a substantial computational burden. Prior work has empirically explored visual token…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Dingchen Yang , Bowen Cao , Anran Zhang , Weibo Gu , Winston Hu , Guang Chen

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) incur substantial inference costs due to the processing of a vast number of visual tokens. Existing methods typically struggle to model progressive visual token reduction as a multi-step decision process…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Sihan Cao , Jianwei Zhang , Pengcheng Zheng , Jiaxin Yan , Caiyan Qin , Yalan Ye , Wei Dong , Peng Wang , Yang Yang , Chaoning Zhang

Diffusion-based multimodal large language models (Diffusion MLLMs) have recently demonstrated impressive non-autoregressive generative capabilities across vision-and-language tasks. However, Diffusion MLLMs exhibit substantially slower…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Shuochen Chang , Xiaofeng Zhang , Qingyang Liu , Li Niu

Recent Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown high potential for spatial reasoning within 3D scenes. However, they typically rely on computationally expensive 3D representations like point clouds or reconstructed Bird's-Eye…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Shuyao Shi , Kang G. Shin

State Space Models (SSMs) have the advantage of keeping linear computational complexity compared to attention modules in transformers, and have been applied to vision tasks as a new type of powerful vision foundation model. Inspired by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Zheng Zhan , Zhenglun Kong , Yifan Gong , Yushu Wu , Zichong Meng , Hangyu Zheng , Xuan Shen , Stratis Ioannidis , Wei Niu , Pu Zhao , Yanzhi Wang

While specialized Medical Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable success in interpreting 2D and 3D medical modalities, their deployment for 3D volumetric data remains constrained by significant computational inefficiencies.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Shengyuan Liu , Zanting Ye , Yunrui Lin , Chen Hu , Wanting Geng , Xu Han , Bulat Ibragimov , Yefeng Zheng , Yixuan Yuan

The practical application of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to Video Question Answering (Video-QA) is severely hindered by the high token cost of processing numerous video frames. While keyframe selection is the dominant strategy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Shaoguang Wang , Weiyu Guo , Ziyang Chen , Yijie Xu , Xuming Hu , Hui Xiong

Video Large Language Models (VLLMs) excel in video understanding, but their excessive visual tokens pose a significant computational challenge for real-world applications. Current methods aim to enhance inference efficiency by visual token…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Junpeng Ma , Qizhe Zhang , Ming Lu , Zhibin Wang , Qiang Zhou , Jun Song , Shanghang Zhang

Token pruning is essential for enhancing the computational efficiency of vision-language models (VLMs), particularly for video-based tasks where temporal redundancy is prevalent. Prior approaches typically prune tokens either (1) within the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Jianrui Zhang , Yue Yang , Rohun Tripathi , Winson Han , Ranjay Krishna , Christopher Clark , Yong Jae Lee , Sangho Lee

Modern multimodal large language models (MLLMs) adopt a unified self-attention design that processes visual and textual tokens at every Transformer layer, incurring substantial computational overhead. In this work, we revisit the necessity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Wenjie Liu , Hao Wu , Xin Qiu , Xudong Wang , Yingqi Fan , Yihan Zhang , Anhao Zhao , Yunpu Ma , Xiaoyu Shen

By treating visual tokens from visual encoders as text tokens, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress across diverse visual understanding tasks, leveraging the robust architectures of Large Language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Zeliang Zhang , Phu Pham , Wentian Zhao , Kun Wan , Yu-Jhe Li , Jianing Zhou , Daniel Miranda , Ajinkya Kale , Chenliang Xu

Recent advancements in multimodal fusion have witnessed the remarkable success of vision-language (VL) models, which excel in various multimodal applications such as image captioning and visual question answering. However, building VL…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Zhiwei Hao , Jianyuan Guo , Li Shen , Yong Luo , Han Hu , Yonggang Wen

Learning a versatile language-image model is computationally prohibitive under a limited computing budget. This paper delves into the \emph{efficient language-image pre-training}, an area that has received relatively little attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yangyang Guo , Haoyu Zhang , Yongkang Wong , Liqiang Nie , Mohan Kankanhalli

Recent advancements in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) enable large language models (LLMs) to process high-resolution images, significantly improving real-world multimodal understanding. However, this capability introduces a large number of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yuna Lee , Kyoungho Min , Yulhwa Kim

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) process thousands of visual tokens per image alongside comparatively few text tokens, yet existing compression methods treat both modalities uniformly. We observe that the two modalities have fundamentally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yilin Feng , Ahmed Burak Gulhan , Mahmut Taylan Kandemir

Despite encouraging progress in 3D scene understanding, it remains challenging to develop an effective Large Multi-modal Model (LMM) that is capable of understanding and reasoning in complex 3D environments. Most previous methods typically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Hanxun Yu , Wentong Li , Song Wang , Junbo Chen , Jianke Zhu

Vision-language models (VLMs) have shown promise in 2D medical image analysis, but extending them to 3D remains challenging due to the high computational demands of volumetric data and the difficulty of aligning 3D spatial features with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Yu Xin , Gorkem Can Ates , Kuang Gong , Wei Shao

The development of separate-encoder Unified multimodal models (UMMs) comes with a rapidly growing inference cost due to dense visual token processing. In this paper, we focus on understanding-side visual token reduction for improving the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Junxian Li , Kai Liu , Zizhong Ding , Zhixin Wang , Zhikai Chen , Renjing Pei , Yulun Zhang

While Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) demonstrate exceptional multi-modal capabilities, the quadratic computational cost of processing high-resolution visual tokens remains a critical bottleneck. Though recent token reduction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Surendra Pathak , Bo Han

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have achieved significant breakthroughs by leveraging Large Vision Language Models (VLMs) to jointly interpret instructions and visual inputs. However, the substantial increase in visual tokens,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Haosheng Li , Weixin Mao , Zihan Lan , Hongwei Xiong , Hongan Wang , Chenyang Si , Ziwei Liu , Xiaoming Deng , Hua Chen