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Student simulation presents a transformative approach to enhance learning outcomes, advance educational research, and ultimately shape the future of effective pedagogy. We explore the feasibility of using large language models (LLMs), a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Songlin Xu , Xinyu Zhang

A hallmark property of explainable AI models is the ability to teach other agents, communicating knowledge of how to perform a task. While Large Language Models perform complex reasoning by generating explanations for their predictions, it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Swarnadeep Saha , Peter Hase , Mohit Bansal

Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) using artificial intelligence (AI) technology have shown promise in supporting learners with diverse abilities. Large language models (LLMs) provide new opportunities to incorporate personas to AI-based…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Haocong Cheng , Si Chen , Christopher Perdriau , Shriya Mokkapati , Yun Huang

This study examines the impact of an LLM-powered teachable agent, grounded in the Learning by Teaching (LBT) pedagogy, on students' music theory learning and cognitive load. The participants were 28 Chinese university students with prior…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Lingxi Jin , Baicheng Lin , Mengze Hong , Kun Zhang , Hyo-Jeong So

Recent studies show that LLMs possess different skills and specialize in different tasks. In fact, we observe that their varied performance occur in several levels of granularity. For example, in the code optimization task, code LLMs excel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Yuanzhe Liu , Ryan Deng , Tim Kaler , Xuhao Chen , Charles E. Leiserson , Yao Ma , Jie Chen

The integration of AI assistants, especially through the development of Large Language Models (LLMs), into computer science education has sparked significant debate. An emerging body of work has looked into using LLMs in education, but few…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Wenhan Lyu , Yimeng Wang , Tingting , Chung , Yifan Sun , Yixuan Zhang

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to scale up personalized tutoring through large language models (LLMs). Recent AI tutors are adapted for the tutoring task by training or prompting LLMs to follow effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Alexander Scarlatos , Naiming Liu , Jaewook Lee , Richard Baraniuk , Andrew Lan

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as large language models (LLMs) are already altering student learning. Unlike previous technologies, LLMs can independently solve problems regardless of student understanding, yet are not always…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-09-04 Eric Gao

Generative AI (GenAI), especially Large Language Models (LLMs), is rapidly reshaping both programming workflows and computer science education. Many programmers now incorporate GenAI tools into their workflows, including for collaborative…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Wenhan Lyu , Yimeng Wang , Yifan Sun , Yixuan Zhang

Despite the rapid deployment of LLMs into classrooms, validating educational AI remains uniquely intractable: interventions act on developing learners whose cognitive and social trajectories are irreversibly shaped, while real-world trials…

Personalized chatbot-based teaching assistants can be crucial in addressing increasing classroom sizes, especially where direct teacher presence is limited. Large language models (LLMs) offer a promising avenue, with increasing research…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Harsh Kumar , Ilya Musabirov , Mohi Reza , Jiakai Shi , Xinyuan Wang , Joseph Jay Williams , Anastasia Kuzminykh , Michael Liut

While large language models (LLMs) show impressive decision-making abilities, current methods lack a mechanism for automatic self-improvement from errors during task execution. We propose LEAP, an iterative fine-tuning framework that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Sanjiban Choudhury , Paloma Sodhi

The effect of large language models (LLMs) in education is debated: Previous research shows that LLMs can help as well as hurt learning. In two pre-registered and incentivized laboratory experiments, we find no effect of LLMs on overall…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Matthias Lehmann , Philipp B. Cornelius , Fabian J. Sting

Large language models (LLMs) are revolutionizing education, with LLM-based agents playing a key role in simulating student behavior. A major challenge in student simulation is modeling the diverse learning patterns of students at various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Tao Wu , Jingyuan Chen , Wang Lin , Mengze Li , Yumeng Zhu , Ang Li , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu

LLMs promise to democratize technical work in complex domains like programmatic data analysis, but not everyone benefits equally. We study how students with varied experiences use LLMs to complete Python-based data analysis in computational…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Qianou Ma , Kenneth Koedinger , Tongshuang Wu

The primary goal of this study is to analyze agentic workflows in education according to the proposed four major technological paradigms: reflection, planning, tool use, and multi-agent collaboration. We critically examine the role of AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Firuz Kamalov , David Santandreu Calonge , Linda Smail , Dilshod Azizov , Dimple R. Thadani , Theresa Kwong , Amara Atif

This study examines the impact of an AI instructional agent on students' perceived learner control and academic performance in a medium demanding course with lecturing as the main teaching strategy. Based on a randomized controlled trial,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Fei Qin , Zhanxin Hao , Jifan Yu , Zhiyuan Liu , Yu Zhang

The integration of Large Language Models into Intelligent Tutoring Systems pre-sents significant challenges in aligning with diverse and often conflicting values from students, parents, teachers, and institutions. Existing architectures…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Alexandre P Uchoa , Carlo E T Oliveira , Claudia L R Motta , Daniel Schneider

Artificial intelligence (AI) applications to support human tutoring have potential to significantly improve learning outcomes, but engagement issues persist, especially among students from low-income backgrounds. We introduce an AI-assisted…

This paper examines the transformative role of Large Language Models (LLMs) in education and their potential as learning tools, despite their inherent risks and limitations. The authors propose seven approaches for utilizing AI in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Ethan Mollick , Lilach Mollick