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This work presents new cardinality estimation methods for data sets recorded by HyperLogLog sketches. A simple derivation of the original estimator was found, that also gives insight how to correct its deficiencies. The result is an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-06-23 Otmar Ertl

Kernel density estimation is a simple and effective method that lies at the heart of many important machine learning applications. Unfortunately, kernel methods scale poorly for large, high dimensional datasets. Approximate kernel density…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Benjamin Coleman , Anshumali Shrivastava

Super point is a special kind of host whose cardinality, the number of contacting hosts in a certain period, is bigger than a threshold. Super point cardinality estimation plays important roles in network field. This paper proposes a super…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-07-05 Jie Xu

Counting the number of distinct elements on a set is needed in many applications, for example to track the number of unique users in Internet services or the number of distinct flows on a network. In many cases, an estimate rather than the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-23 Pedro Reviriego , Pablo Adell , Daniel Ting

Sketches are probabilistic data structures that can provide approximate results within mathematically proven error bounds while using orders of magnitude less memory than traditional approaches. They are tailored for streaming data analysis…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Fatih Taşyaran , Kerem Yıldırır , Kamer Kaya , Mustafa Kemal Taş

This paper presents new methods to estimate the cardinalities of data sets recorded by HyperLogLog sketches. A theoretically motivated extension to the original estimator is presented that eliminates the bias for small and large…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-02-27 Otmar Ertl

We discuss the problem of counting distinct elements in a stream. A stream is usually considered as a sequence of elements that come one at a time. An exact solution to the problem requires memory space of the size of the stream. For many…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Tal Ohayon

Cardinality sketches are popular data structures that enhance the efficiency of working with large data sets. The sketches are randomized representations of sets that are only of logarithmic size but can support set merges and approximate…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Sara Ahmadian , Edith Cohen

Cardinality estimation has long been crucial for cost-based database optimizers in identifying optimal query execution plans, attracting significant attention over the past decades. While recent advancements have significantly improved the…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Renrui Li , Qingzhi Ma , Jiajie Xu , Lei Zhao , An Liu

Community search is a widely studied semi-supervised graph clustering problem, retrieving a high-quality connected subgraph containing the user-specified query vertex. However, existing methods primarily focus on cohesiveness within the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Longlong Lin , Yue He , Wei Chen , Pingpeng Yuan , Rong-Hua Li , Tao Jia

Subgraph counting is a fundamental primitive in graph processing, with applications in social network analysis (e.g., estimating the clustering coefficient of a graph), database processing and other areas. The space complexity of subgraph…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-08-16 John Kallaugher , Michael Kapralov , Eric Price

Estimating set similarity and detecting highly similar sets are fundamental problems in areas such as databases, machine learning, and information retrieval. MinHash is a well-known technique for approximating Jaccard similarity of sets and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-05-23 Pinghui Wang , Yiyan Qi , Yuanming Zhang , Qiaozhu Zhai , Chenxu Wang , John C. S. Lui , Xiaohong Guan

In rapid and massive data streams, it is often not possible to estimate the frequency of items with complete accuracy. To perform the operation in a reasonable amount of space and with sufficiently low latency, approximated methods are…

Databases · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Arijit Khan , Sixing Yan

Given a stream of graph edges from a dynamic graph, how can we assign anomaly scores to edges and subgraphs in an online manner, for the purpose of detecting unusual behavior, using constant time and memory? For example, in intrusion…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Siddharth Bhatia , Mohit Wadhwa , Kenji Kawaguchi , Neil Shah , Philip S. Yu , Bryan Hooi

For cloud service providers, fine-grained packet loss detection across data centers is crucial in improving their service level and increasing business income. However, the inability to obtain sufficient measurements makes it difficult…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Zhenyu Ming , Wei Zhang , Yanwei Xu

MinHash and HyperLogLog are sketching algorithms that have become indispensable for set summaries in big data applications. While HyperLogLog allows counting different elements with very little space, MinHash is suitable for the fast…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Otmar Ertl

Cardinality estimators like HyperLogLog are sketching algorithms that estimate the number of distinct elements in a large multiset. Their use in privacy-sensitive contexts raises the question of whether they leak private information. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-20 Damien Desfontaines , Andreas Lochbihler , David Basin

Cardinality estimation is a fundamental task in database management systems, aiming to predict query results accurately without executing the queries. However, existing techniques either achieve low estimation accuracy or incur high…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Yaoyu Zhu , Jintao Zhang , Guoliang Li , Jianhua Feng

Conceptualizing away the sketch processing details in a user interface will enable general users and domain experts to create more complex sketches. There are many domains for which sketch recognition systems are being developed. But they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2012-11-13 Vasudha Vashisht , Tanupriya Choudhury , T. V. Prasad

Anomaly detection in dynamic graphs is essential for identifying malicious activities, fraud, and unexpected behaviors in real-world systems such as cybersecurity and power grids. However, existing approaches struggle with scalability,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Ocheme Anthony Ekle , William Eberle