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We provide a construction of sets of (d/2+1) mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) in dimensions d=4,8 using maximal commuting classes of Pauli operators. We show that these incomplete sets cannot be extended further using the operators of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-05 Prabha Mandayam , Somshubhro Bandyopadhyay , Markus Grassl , William K. Wootters

We present a construction method for complete sets of cyclic mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) in Hilbert spaces of even prime power dimensions. In comparison to usual complete sets of MUBs, complete cyclic sets possess the additional property…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-22 Oliver Kern , Kedar S. Ranade , Ulrich Seyfarth

An analytical method for getting new complex Hadamard matrices by using mutually unbiased bases and a nonlinear doubling formula is provided. The method is illustrated with the n=4 case that leads to a rich family of eight-dimensional…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2010-11-02 Petre Dita

We give an entirely new approach to the problem of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs), based on a Fourier analytic technique in additive combinatorics. The method provides a short and elegant generalization of the fact that there are at most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-09-14 Mate Matolcsi

We exhibit an infinite family of {\it triplets} of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) in dimension 6. These triplets involve the Fourier family of Hadamard matrices, $F(a,b)$. However, in the main result of the paper we also prove that for any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 P. Jaming , M. Matolcsi , P. Móra , F. Szöllősi , M. Weiner

In dimension $d$, Mutually Unbiased Bases (MUBs) are a collection of orthonormal bases over $\mathbb{C}^d$ such that for any two vectors $v_1, v_2$ belonging to different bases, the scalar product $|\braket{v_1|v_2}| = \frac{1}{\sqrt{d}}$.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Ajeet Kumar , Subhamoy Maitra , Somjit Roy

In quantum mechanics some properties are maximally incompatible, such as the position and momentum of a particle or the vertical and horizontal projections of a 2-level spin. Given any definite state of one property the other property is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 A. J. Skinner , V. A. Newell , R. Sanchez

In quantum information, complementarity of quantum mechanical observables plays a key role. If a system resides in an eigenstate of an observable, the probability distribution for the values of a complementary observable is flat. The…

Mutually unbiased bases for quantum degrees of freedom are central to all theoretical investigations and practical exploitations of complementary properties. Much is known about mutually unbiased bases, but there are also a fair number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-04 Thomas Durt , Berthold-Georg Englert , Ingemar Bengtsson , Karol Życzkowski

We describe a particular class of pairs of quantum observables which are extremal in the convex set of all pairs of compatible quantum observables. The pairs in this class are constructed as uniformly noisy versions of two mutually unbiased…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Claudio Carmeli , Gianni Cassinelli , Alessandro Toigo

The structural characterization of high-dimensional mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) by classifying MUBs subsets remains a major open problem. The existing methods not only fail to conclude on the exact classification, but also are severely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-05 Jianxin Song , Zhen-Peng Xu , Changliang Ren

This short note highlights the most prominent mathematical problems and physical questions associated with the existence of the maximum sets of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) in the Hilbert space of a given dimension

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 H. C. Rosu , M. Planat , M. Saniga

One way to construct a maximal set of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) in a prime-power dimensional Hilbert space is by means of finite phase-space methods. MUBs obtained in this way are covariant with respect to some subgroup of the group of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-05-29 Claudio Carmeli , Jussi Schultz , Alessandro Toigo

We study mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) in which all the bases are unextendible maximally entangled ones. We first present a necessary and sufficient condition of constructing a pair of MUBs in $C^2 \otimes C^4$. Based on this condition, an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-09 Hui Zhao , Lin Zhang , Shao-Ming Fei , Naihuan Jing

Mutually unbiased bases (MUB) have many applications in quantum information processing and quantum cryptography. Several complex MUB's in $\mathbb{C}^d$ for some dimension $d$ and with larger size have been constructed. On the other hand,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-14 Minghui Yang , Aixian Zhang , Jiejing Wen , Keqin Feng

For the complete estimation of arbitrary unknown quantum states by measurements, the use of mutually unbiased bases has been well-established in theory and experiment for the past 20 years. However, most constructions of these bases make…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-10-31 Ulrich Seyfarth , Kedar S. Ranade

We describe sets of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) for quantum states defined over the p-adic numbers Q_p, i.e. the states that can be described as elements of the (rigged) Hilbert space L2(Q_p). We find that for every prime p>2 there are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-09-02 Wim van Dam , Alexander Russell

Maximal sets of mutually unbiased bases are useful throughout quantum physics, both in a foundational context and for applications. To date, it remains unknown if complete sets of mutually unbiased bases exist in Hilbert spaces of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-09 Daniel McNulty , Stefan Weigert

Mutually unbiased bases (MUB) are interesting for various reasons. The most attractive example of (a complete set of) MUB is the one constructed by Ivanovi\'c as well as Wootters and Fields, which is referred to as the canonical MUB.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-07-08 Huangjun Zhu

A collection of orthonormal bases for a complex dXd Hilbert space is called mutually unbiased (MUB) if for any two vectors v and w from different bases the square of the inner product equals 1/d: |<v,w>| ^{2}=1/d. The MUB problem is to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Arthur O. Pittenger , Morton H. Rubin