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The extent to which large language models (LLMs) can perform culturally grounded reasoning across non-English languages remains underexplored. This paper examines the reasoning and self-assessment abilities of LLMs across seven major Indian…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Abhinav P M , Ojasva Saxena , Oswald C , Parameswari Krishnamurthy

The rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to great strides in model capabilities like long-context understanding and reasoning. However, as LLMs are able to process longer contexts, it becomes more challenging to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Fangyu Lei , Qian Liu , Yiming Huang , Shizhu He , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs), building upon the foundation of powerful large language models (LLMs), have recently demonstrated exceptional capabilities in generating not only texts but also images given interleaved multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Bohao Li , Yuying Ge , Yixiao Ge , Guangzhi Wang , Rui Wang , Ruimao Zhang , Ying Shan

Large language models (LLMs) can answer questions and reason about complex tasks, also from the scientific domain. We assess several multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) on ScienceQA and find that Gemini models show the highest accuracy with little…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Florian Dreyer , Ekaterina Kolos , Daria Matiash

Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, are prone to generate hallucinations, i.e., content that conflicts with the source or cannot be verified by the factual knowledge. To understand what types of content and to which extent LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Junyi Li , Xiaoxue Cheng , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jian-Yun Nie , Ji-Rong Wen

Recent studies have demonstrated that large language models (LLMs) exhibit significant biases in evaluation tasks, particularly in preferentially rating and favoring self-generated content. However, the extent to which this bias manifests…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yen-Shan Chen , Jing Jin , Peng-Ting Kuo , Chao-Wei Huang , Yun-Nung Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly evaluated on mathematical reasoning, yet their robustness to equivalent problem representations remains poorly understood. In geometry, identical problems can be expressed in Euclidean,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Vedant Jawandhia , Yash Sinha , Murari Mandal , Ankan Pal , Dhruv Kumar

Evaluation of large language models for code has primarily relied on static benchmarks, including HumanEval (Chen et al., 2021), or more recently using human preferences of LLM responses. As LLMs are increasingly used as programmer…

The evaluation of large language models (LLMs) relies heavily on standardized benchmarks. These benchmarks provide useful aggregated metrics for a given capability, but those aggregated metrics can obscure (i) particular sub-areas where the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Matyas Bohacek , Nino Scherrer , Nicholas Dufour , Thomas Leung , Christoph Bregler , Stephanie C. Y. Chan

Large multimodal models (LMMs) have demonstrated significant potential as generalists in vision-language (VL) tasks. However, adoption of LMMs in real-world tasks is hindered by their poor performance in tasks that require a combination of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Zhoutong Ye , Mingze Sun , Huan-ang Gao , Xutong Wang , Xiangyang Wang , Yu Mei , Chang Liu , Qinwei Li , Chengwen Zhang , Qinghuan Lan , Chun Yu , Yuanchun Shi

Scientific discovery is an inherently creative and uncertain process, requiring reasoning beyond the recall of known knowledge. While many benchmarks have been proposed to evaluate large language model (LLM) performance on deep research…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 A. J. Lew , Y. Cao , M. J. Buehler

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various domains, including software development, education, and technical assistance. Among these, software development is one of the key areas where LLMs are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Inpyo Song , Eunji Jeon , Jangwon Lee

The rapid evolution of Multi-modality Large Language Models (MLLMs) is driving significant advancements in visual understanding and generation. Nevertheless, a comprehensive assessment of their capabilities, concerning the fine-grained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Xiaorong Zhu , Ziheng Jia , Jiarui Wang , Xiangyu Zhao , Haodong Duan , Xiongkuo Min , Jia Wang , Zicheng Zhang , Guangtao Zhai

Demand for mental health support through AI chatbots is surging, though current systems present several limitations, like sycophancy or overvalidation, and reinforcement of maladaptive beliefs. A core obstacle to the creation of better…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 José Pombal , Maya D'Eon , Nuno M. Guerreiro , Pedro Henrique Martins , António Farinhas , Ricardo Rei

Large multimodal language models (MLLMs) such as GPT-4V and GPT-4o have achieved remarkable advancements in understanding and generating multimodal content, showcasing superior quality and capabilities across diverse tasks. However, their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Xuelu Feng , Yunsheng Li , Dongdong Chen , Mei Gao , Mengchen Liu , Junsong Yuan , Chunming Qiao

Evaluating the symbolic reasoning of large language models (LLMs) calls for geometry benchmarks that require multi-step proofs grounded in both text and diagrams. However, existing benchmarks are often limited in scale and rarely provide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Yushun Zhang , Weiping Fu , Zesheng Yang , Bo Zhao , Lingling Zhang , Jian Zhang , Yumeng Fu , Jiaxing Huang , Jun Liu

This study investigates the challenges of translating low-resource languages by integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). Various model configurations were tested on Hakka translations, with BLEU…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Chen-Chi Chang , Chong-Fu Li , Chu-Hsuan Lee , Hung-Shin Lee

Large language models (LLMs) are used globally across many languages, but their English-centric pretraining raises concerns about cross-lingual disparities for cultural awareness, often resulting in biased outputs. However, comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Raoyuan Zhao , Beiduo Chen , Barbara Plank , Michael A. Hedderich

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been reported to outperform existing automatic evaluation metrics in some tasks, such as text summarization and machine translation. However, there has been a lack of research on LLMs as evaluators in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Masamune Kobayashi , Masato Mita , Mamoru Komachi

As large language models (LLMs) become deeply embedded in daily life, the urgent need for safer moderation systems that distinguish between naive and harmful requests while upholding appropriate censorship boundaries has never been greater.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Naseem Machlovi , Maryam Saleki , Ruhul Amin , Mohamed Rahouti , Shawqi Al-Maliki , Junaid Qadir , Mohamed M. Abdallah , Ala Al-Fuqaha
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