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Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning has enabled large language models (LLMs) to utilize additional computation through intermediate tokens to solve complex tasks. However, we posit that typical reasoning traces contain many redundant tokens,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Tergel Munkhbat , Namgyu Ho , Seo Hyun Kim , Yongjin Yang , Yujin Kim , Se-Young Yun

Speculative decoding is a prominent technique to speed up the inference of a large target language model based on predictions of an auxiliary draft model. While effective, in application-specific settings, it often involves fine-tuning both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Nikhil Bhendawade , Irina Belousova , Qichen Fu , Henry Mason , Mohammad Rastegari , Mahyar Najibi

Formulations of the turbo equalization approach to iterative equalization and decoding vary greatly when channel knowledge is either partially or completely unknown. Maximum aposteriori probability (MAP) and minimum mean square error (MMSE)…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2012-03-20 Nargiz Kalantarova , Kyeongyeon Kim , Suleyman S. Kozat , Andrew C. Singer

Group relative policy optimization (GRPO) has demonstrated significant potential in improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) via reinforcement learning. However, its practical deployment is impeded by an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Yizhou Zhang , Ning Lv , Teng Wang , Jisheng Dang

Distributed inference serves as a promising approach to enabling the inference of large language models (LLMs) at the network edge. It distributes the inference process to multiple devices to ensure that the LLMs can fit into the device…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Xing Liu , Lizhuo Luo , Ming Tang , Chao Huang , Xu Chen

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting trades inference speed for reasoning accuracy. Existing compressors force a compromise as static gradient techniques treat tokens independently, severing sequential logic, while uncertainty-based pruning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ren Zhuang

Speculative Decoding is a prominent technique for accelerating the autoregressive inference of large language models (LLMs) by employing a fast draft model to propose candidate token sequences and a large target model to verify them in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Chendong Sun , Ali Mao , Lei Xu , mingmin Chen

Existing speculative decoding methods typically require additional model structure and training processes to assist the model for draft token generation. This makes the migration of acceleration methods to the new model more costly and more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Yixuan Wang , Xianzhen Luo , Fuxuan Wei , Yijun Liu , Qingfu Zhu , Xuanyu Zhang , Qing Yang , Dongliang Xu , Wanxiang Che

Adapting language models to new data distributions by simple finetuning is challenging. This is due to the rigidity of their subword tokenizers, which typically remain unchanged during adaptation. This inflexibility often leads to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Abraham Toluwase Owodunni , Orevaoghene Ahia , Sachin Kumar

Efficient inference in large language models (LLMs) has become a critical focus as their scale and complexity grow. Traditional autoregressive decoding, while effective, suffers from computational inefficiencies due to its sequential token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Hyun Ryu , Eric Kim

Speculative decoding accelerates inference for Large Language Models by using a lightweight draft model to propose candidate tokens that are verified in parallel by a larger target model. Prior work shows that the draft model often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Ofir Ben Shoham

The sequential nature of modern LLMs makes them expensive and slow, and speculative sampling has proven to be an effective solution to this problem. Methods like EAGLE perform autoregression at the feature level, reusing top-layer features…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Yuhui Li , Fangyun Wei , Chao Zhang , Hongyang Zhang

Simultaneous translation, which starts translating each sentence after receiving only a few words in source sentence, has a vital role in many scenarios. Although the previous prefix-to-prefix framework is considered suitable for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Zhengxin Yang

Inference acceleration of large language models (LLMs) has been put forward in many application scenarios and speculative decoding has shown its advantage in addressing inference acceleration. Speculative decoding usually introduces a draft…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Zhuofan Wen , Shangtong Gui , Yang Feng

Autoregressive decoding in Large Language Models (LLMs) generates one token per step, causing high inference latency. Speculative decoding (SD) mitigates this through a guess-and-verify strategy, but existing training-free variants face…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Zihong Zhang , Zuchao Li , Lefei Zhang , Ping Wang , Hai Zhao

Generative language models are usually pretrained on large text corpus via predicting the next token (i.e., sub-word/word/phrase) given the previous ones. Recent works have demonstrated the impressive performance of large generative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Zhenpeng Su , Xing Wu , Xue Bai , Zijia Lin , Hui Chen , Guiguang Ding , Wei Zhou , Songlin Hu

Self-evolving large language models (LLMs) learn by generating their own training tasks and solutions, reducing reliance on human-curated supervision. However, in many reasoning domains, the model must also validate generated tasks and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Bowen Wei , Nan Wang , Yuqing Zhou , Jinhao Pan , Ziwei Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) can achieve inflated scores on multiple-choice tasks by exploiting inherent biases in option positions or labels, rather than demonstrating genuine understanding. This study introduces SCOPE, an evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Wonjun Jeong , Dongseok Kim , Taegkeun Whangbo

Decoding from large language models (LLMs) typically relies on fixed sampling hyperparameters (e.g., temperature, top-p), despite substantial variation in task difficulty and uncertainty across prompts and individual decoding steps. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Chloe H. Su , Zhe Ye , Samuel Tenka , Aidan Yang , Soonho Kong , Udaya Ghai

Speculative Decoding is a widely used technique to speed up inference for Large Language Models (LLMs) without sacrificing quality. When performing inference, speculative decoding uses a smaller draft model to generate speculative tokens…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Minghao Yan , Saurabh Agarwal , Shivaram Venkataraman