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Infrared small-target detection (ISTD) is an important computer vision task. ISTD aims at separating small targets from complex background clutter. The infrared radiation decays over distances, making the targets highly dim and prone to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Jingchao Peng , Haitao Zhao , Kaijie Zhao , Zhongze Wang , Lujian Yao

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) methods predominantly formulate the task as pixel-level segmentation, which requires costly dense annotations and is not well suited to tiny targets with weak texture and ambiguous boundaries. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Weihua Gao , Wenlong Niu , Jie Tang , Man Yang , Jiafeng Zhang , Xiaodong Peng

Recently, infrared small target detection (IRSTD) has been dominated by deep-learning-based methods. However, these methods mainly focus on the design of complex model structures to extract discriminative features, leaving the loss…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Qiankun Liu , Rui Liu , Bolun Zheng , Hongkui Wang , Ying Fu

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) poses a significant challenge in the field of computer vision. While substantial efforts have been made over the past two decades to improve the detection capabilities of IRSTD algorithms, there has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Saed Moradi , Alireza Memarmoghadam , Payman Moallem , Mohamad Farzan Sabahi

IRSTD (InfraRed Small Target Detection) detects small targets in infrared blurry backgrounds and is essential for various applications. The detection task is challenging due to the small size of the targets and their sparse distribution in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Pranav Singh , Pravendra Singh

To mitigate the issue of minimal intrinsic features for pure data-driven methods, in this paper, we propose a novel model-driven deep network for infrared small target detection, which combines discriminative networks and conventional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Yimian Dai , Yiquan Wu , Fei Zhou , Kobus Barnard

Infrared small target detection (ISTD) has been a critical technology in defense and civilian applications over the past several decades, such as missile warning, maritime surveillance, and disaster monitoring. Nevertheless, moving infrared…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Yian Huang , Qing Qin , Aji Mao , Xiangyu Qiu , Liang Xu , Xian Zhang , Zhenming Peng

Omni-domain infrared small target detection (Omni-IRSTD) poses formidable challenges, as a single model must seamlessly adapt to diverse imaging systems, varying resolutions, and multiple spectral bands simultaneously. Current approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yangting Shi , Yinfei Zhu , Renjie He , Le Hui , Meng Cai , Ming-Ming Cheng , Yimian Dai

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) remains challenging due to the scarcity of useful target cues and the presence of severe background clutter. Most current methods rely on conventional feature learning and local interaction modeling,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Qianwen Ma , Yang Xu , Shangwei Deng , Xiaobo Li , Haofeng Hu

Infrared small target detection is currently a hot and challenging task in computer vision. Existing methods usually focus on mining visual features of targets, which struggles to cope with complex and diverse detection scenarios. The main…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Feng Huang , Shuyuan Zheng , Zhaobing Qiu , Huanxian Liu , Huanxin Bai , Liqiong Chen

Infrared small target detection (ISTD) has attracted widespread attention and been applied in various fields. Due to the small size of infrared targets and the noise interference from complex backgrounds, the performance of ISTD using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Ao Wang , Wei Li , Xin Wu , Zhanchao Huang , Ran Tao

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) faces the inherent challenge of precisely localizing dim targets amid complex background clutter. While progress has been made, existing methods usually follow conventional strategies to downsample…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Qian Xu , Chi Zhang , Qiming Zhang , Xi Li , Haojuan Yuan , Mingjin Zhang

Infrared small target detection based on deep learning offers unique advantages in separating small targets from complex and dynamic backgrounds. However, the features of infrared small targets gradually weaken as the depth of convolutional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Chun Bao , Jie Cao , Yaqian Ning , Tianhua Zhao , Zhijun Li , Zechen Wang , Li Zhang , Qun Hao

Multi-frame infrared small target detection (IRSTD) plays a crucial role in low-altitude and maritime surveillance. The hybrid architecture combining CNNs and Transformers shows great promise for enhancing multi-frame IRSTD performance. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Zhihua Shen , Siyang Chen , Han Wang , Tongsu Zhang , Xiaohu Zhang , Xiangpeng Xu , Xia Yang

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) is critical for applications like remote sensing and surveillance, which aims to identify small, low-contrast targets against complex backgrounds. However, existing methods often struggle with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Shuying Li , Qiang Ma , San Zhang , Chuang Yang

Single-frame infrared small target (SIRST) detection aims at separating small targets from clutter backgrounds. With the advances of deep learning, CNN-based methods have yielded promising results in generic object detection due to their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Boyang Li , Chao Xiao , Longguang Wang , Yingqian Wang , Zaiping Lin , Miao Li , Wei An , Yulan Guo

Infrared target detection (IRSTD) tasks have critical applications in areas like wilderness rescue and maritime search. However, detecting infrared targets is challenging due to their low contrast and tendency to blend into complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Zikai Liao , Zhaozheng Yin

Current CNN-based infrared small target detection(IRSTD) methods generally overlook the heterogeneity between shallow and deep features, leading to inefficient collaboration between shallow fine grained structural information and deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Taoran Yue , Xiaojin Lu , Jiaxi Cai , Yuanping Chen , Shibing Chu

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) is thus critical in both civilian and military applications. This study addresses the challenge of precisely IRSTD in complex backgrounds. Recent methods focus fundamental reliance on conventional…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-05 Yuxin Jing , Jufeng Zhao , Tianpei Zhang , Yiming Zhu

Face signatures, including size, shape, texture, skin tone, eye color, appearance, and scars/marks, are widely used as discriminative, biometric information for access control. Despite recent advancements in facial recognition systems,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Jennifer Hamblin , Kshitij Nikhal , Benjamin S. Riggan