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Large language models generate fluent texts and can follow natural language instructions to solve a wide range of tasks without task-specific training. Nevertheless, it is notoriously difficult to control their generation to satisfy the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Wangchunshu Zhou , Yuchen Eleanor Jiang , Ethan Wilcox , Ryan Cotterell , Mrinmaya Sachan

The reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs) has been rapidly advancing in recent years, attracting interest in more fundamental approaches that can reliably enhance their generalizability. This work demonstrates that model…

This work explores the trade-off between the number of samples required to accurately build models of dynamical systems and the degradation of performance in various control objectives due to a coarse approximation. In particular, we show…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-12-01 Stephen Tu , Ross Boczar , Andrew Packard , Benjamin Recht

Edit-based approaches have recently shown promising results on multiple monolingual sequence transduction tasks. In contrast to conventional sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seq) models, which learn to generate text from scratch as they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Kostiantyn Omelianchuk , Vipul Raheja , Oleksandr Skurzhanskyi

Temporal logic specifications play an important role in a wide range of software analysis tasks, such as model checking, automated synthesis, program comprehension, and runtime monitoring. Given a set of positive and negative examples,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Changjian Zhang , Parv Kapoor , Ian Dardik , Leyi Cui , Romulo Meira-Goes , David Garlan , Eunsuk Kang

Instruction Fine-Tuning (IFT) is crucial for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences, and selecting a small yet representative subset from massive data significantly facilitates IFT in terms of both efficiency and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Xixiang He , Hao Yu , Qiyao Sun , Ao Cheng , Tailai Zhang , Cong Liu , Shuxuan Guo

Data availability is a bottleneck during early stages of development of new capabilities for intelligent artificial agents. We investigate the use of text generation techniques to augment the training data of a popular commercial artificial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-09 Nikolaos Malandrakis , Minmin Shen , Anuj Goyal , Shuyang Gao , Abhishek Sethi , Angeliki Metallinou

Semantic text classification requires the understanding of the contextual significance of specific tokens rather than surface-level patterns or keywords (as in rule-based or statistical text classification), making large language models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Adit Krishnan , Chu Wang , Chris Kong

While existing text-to-speech (TTS) models exhibit high expressiveness, fine-grained control over composite instructions remains challenging due to the structural mismatch between discrete textual intents and continuous acoustic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Bin Kang , Shaoguo Wen , Yang Fan , Shunlong Wu , Junjie Wang , Yulin Li , Junzhi Zhao , Junle Wang , Zhuotao Tian

Domain adversarial training has shown its effective capability for finding domain invariant feature representations and been successfully adopted for various domain adaptation tasks. However, recent advances of large models (e.g., vision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Jiahong Chen , Zhilin Zhang , Lucy Li , Behzad Shahrasbi , Arjun Mishra

We introduce \textsc{CAT}, a framework designed to evaluate and visualize the \emph{interplay} of \emph{accuracy} and \emph{response consistency} of Large Language Models (LLMs) under controllable input variations, using multiple-choice…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Paulo Cavalin , Cassia Sanctos , Marcelo Grave , Claudio Pinhanez , Yago Primerano

Consistency Models (CMs) have showed a promise in creating visual content efficiently and with high quality. However, the way to add new conditional controls to the pretrained CMs has not been explored. In this technical report, we consider…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Jie Xiao , Kai Zhu , Han Zhang , Zhiheng Liu , Yujun Shen , Yu Liu , Xueyang Fu , Zheng-Jun Zha

ControlNet has enabled detailed spatial control in text-to-image diffusion models by incorporating additional visual conditions such as depth or edge maps. However, its effectiveness heavily depends on the availability of visual conditions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Woosung Joung , Daewon Chae , Jinkyu Kim

Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) is emerging as a promising testing application in many scenarios, such as education, game and recruitment, which targets at diagnosing the knowledge mastery levels of examinees on required concepts. It…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Haoyang Bi , Haiping Ma , Zhenya Huang , Yu Yin , Qi Liu , Enhong Chen , Yu Su , Shijin Wang

Training automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems requires large amounts of well-curated paired data. However, human annotators usually perform "non-verbatim" transcription, which can result in poorly trained models. In this paper, we…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-28 Dongji Gao , Hainan Xu , Desh Raj , Leibny Paola Garcia Perera , Daniel Povey , Sanjeev Khudanpur

Although significant progress has been made in many tasks within the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), Controlled Text Generation (CTG) continues to face numerous challenges, particularly in achieving fine-grained conditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Xinxu Zhou , Jiaqi Bai , Zhenqi Sun , Fanxiang Zeng , Yue Liu

Control synthesis under constraints is at the forefront of research on autonomous systems, in part due to its broad application from low-level control to high-level planning, where computing control inputs is typically cast as a constrained…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-23 Panagiotis Rousseas , Haejoon Lee , Dimos V. Dimarogonas , Dimitra Panagou

Pretrained language models have improved zero-shot text classification by allowing the transfer of semantic knowledge from the training data in order to classify among specific label sets in downstream tasks. We propose a simple way to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Lingyu Gao , Debanjan Ghosh , Kevin Gimpel

Computerized adaptive tests (CATs) play a crucial role in educational assessment and diagnostic screening in behavioral health. Unlike traditional linear tests that administer a fixed set of pre-assembled items, CATs adaptively tailor the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-11 Jiguang Li , Robert Gibbons , Veronika Rockova

Constructing new and more challenging tasksets is a fruitful methodology to analyse and understand few-shot classification methods. Unfortunately, existing approaches to building those tasksets are somewhat unsatisfactory: they either…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Sébastien M. R. Arnold , Fei Sha