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Over almost five decades of development and improvement, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has become a rich and powerful, non-invasive technique in medical imaging, yet not reaching its physical limits. Technical and physiological…

Recent advances in programmable metasurfaces, also dubbed as reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), are envisioned to offer a paradigm shift from uncontrollable to fully tunable and customizable wireless propagation environments,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Lina Mohjazi , Ahmed Zoha , Lina Bariah , Sami Muhaidat , Paschalis C. Sofotasios , Muhammad Ali Imran , Octavia A. Dobre

Global stability of differentially rotating plasma is investigated using a generalized effective potential. We first, for a current-free system, obtain a general form of an effective potential in terms of the free energies of global…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-04-15 Fatima Ebrahimi , Alexander Haywood

Plasma supports collective modes and particle-wave interactions that leads to complex behavior in inertial fusion energy applications. While plasma can sometimes be modeled as a charged fluid, a kinetic description is useful towards the…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2022-11-28 Archis S. Joglekar , Alexander G. R. Thomas

Efficient operation of intelligent machines in the real world requires methods that allow them to understand and predict the uncertainties presented by the unstructured environments with good accuracy, scalability and generalization,…

After having demonstrated that an IFU, attached to a microscope rather than to a telescope, is capable of differentiating complex organic tissue with spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy, we have launched a clinical validation program that…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-07 Benito Moralejo , Martin M. Roth , Philippe Godefroy , Thomas Fechner , Svend M. Bauer , Elmar Schmälzlin , Andreas Kelz , Roger Haynes

We demonstrate a synchronized readout (SR) technique for spectrally selective detection of oscillating magnetic fields with sub-millihertz resolution, using coherent manipulation of solid state spins. The SR technique is implemented in a…

Physics-driven deep learning methods have emerged as a powerful tool for computational magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) problems, pushing reconstruction performance to new limits. This article provides an overview of the recent developments…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-17 Kerstin Hammernik , Thomas Küstner , Burhaneddin Yaman , Zhengnan Huang , Daniel Rueckert , Florian Knoll , Mehmet Akçakaya

Spectroscopy underpins modern scientific discovery across diverse disciplines. While experimental spectroscopy probes material properties through scattering or radiation measurements, computational spectroscopy combines theoretical models…

Segmenting stroke lesions in MRI is challenging due to diverse acquisition protocols that limit model generalisability. In this work, we introduce two physics-constrained approaches to generate synthetic quantitative MRI (qMRI) images that…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-03 Liam Chalcroft , Jenny Crinion , Cathy J. Price , John Ashburner

Astrophysical observations suggest that magnetic reconnection in relativistic plasmas plays an important role in the acceleration of energetic particles. Modeling this accurately requires numerical schemes capable of addressing large scales…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-09-16 K. M. Schoeffler , F. Bacchini , K. Kormann , B. Eichmann , M. E. Innocenti

Medical image segmentation (MIS) is a fundamental component of computer-assisted diagnosis and clinical decision support systems. Over the past decade, numerous architectures specifically tailored to medical imaging have emerged to address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Vanessa Borst , Samuel Kounev

Multimodal MRI provides complementary and clinically relevant information to probe tissue condition and to characterize various diseases. However, it is often difficult to acquire sufficiently many modalities from the same subject due to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-08 Xiaofeng Liu , Fangxu Xing , Georges El Fakhri , Jonghye Woo

We adapt structural complexity analysis to three-dimensional signals, with an emphasis on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This framework captures the multiscale organization of volumetric data by coarse-graining the signal at…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Anzhe Cheng , Italo Ivo Lima Dias Pinto , Paul Bogdan

Multimodal recommendation aims to integrate collaborative signals with heterogeneous content such as visual and textual information, but remains challenged by modality-specific noise, semantic inconsistency, and unstable propagation over…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Wei Yang , Rui Zhong , Yiqun Chen , Chi Lu , Peng Jiang

Image segmentation some of the challenging issues on brain magnetic resonance image tumor segmentation caused by the weak correlation between magnetic resonance imaging intensity and anatomical meaning.With the objective of utilizing more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-03-25 Narkhede Sachin G. , Vaishali Khairnar , Sujata Kadu

Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) is a well-established optical technique for tissue composition assessment which has been clinically evaluated for tumour detection to ensure the complete removal of cancerous tissue. While point-wise…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Kaizhong Deng , Christopher J. Peters , George P. Mylonas , Daniel S. Elson

Forward scatter radar (FSR) has emerged as an effective imaging modality for target detection, utilizing forward scattering (FS) signals to reconstruct two-dimensional shadow profile images of objects. However, real-world FS signals are…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-08-18 ShuQi Lei , Gan Yu , Yuan Tian , XiaoWei Shao

Recent advances in Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs) and 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) have achieved considerable performance in RGB scene reconstruction. However, multi-modal rendering that incorporates thermal infrared imagery remains largely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Minseong Kweon , Janghyun Kim , Ukcheol Shin , Jinsun Park

One of the main applications of electromagnetic metasurfaces (MSs) is to tailor spatial field distributions. The radiation pattern of a given source can be desirably modified upon reflection on an MS having proper spatial modulation of its…