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This paper explores the difficulties in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) using physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). PINNs use physics as a regularization term in the objective function. However, a drawback of this approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Shamsulhaq Basir

In this paper, we present the adaptive physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) for resolving three dimensional (3D) dynamic thermo-mechanical coupling problems in large-size-ratio functionally graded materials (FGMs). The physical laws…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Lin Qiu , Yanjie Wang , Tian He , Yan Gu , Fajie Wang

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have shown to be an effective tool for solving forward and inverse problems of partial differential equations (PDEs). PINNs embed the PDEs into the loss of the neural network, and this PDE loss is…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-07-19 Chenxi Wu , Min Zhu , Qinyang Tan , Yadhu Kartha , Lu Lu

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a prominent approach for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by minimizing a combined loss function that incorporates both boundary loss and PDE residual loss. Despite their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Youngsik Hwang , Dong-Young Lim

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have been widely applied to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) by enforcing outputs and gradients of deep models to satisfy target equations. Due to the limitation of numerical computation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Haixu Wu , Huakun Luo , Yuezhou Ma , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have shown promise for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by directly embedding them into the loss function. Despite their notable success, existing PINNs often exhibit training…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Chang Wei , Yuchen Fan , Chin Chun Ooi , Jian Cheng Wong , Heyang Wang , Pao-Hsiung Chiu

Recent work in scientific machine learning has developed so-called physics-informed neural network (PINN) models. The typical approach is to incorporate physical domain knowledge as soft constraints on an empirical loss function and use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-12 Aditi S. Krishnapriyan , Amir Gholami , Shandian Zhe , Robert M. Kirby , Michael W. Mahoney

We propose physics-informed holomorphic neural networks (PIHNNs) as a method to solve boundary value problems where the solution can be represented via holomorphic functions. Specifically, we consider the case of plane linear elasticity…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Matteo Calafà , Emil Hovad , Allan P. Engsig-Karup , Tito Andriollo

There have been several efforts to Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) in the solution of the incompressible Navier-Stokes fluid. The loss function in PINNs is a weighted sum of multiple terms, including the mismatch in the observed…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-09-30 Zixue Xiang , Wei Peng , Xiaohu Zheng , Xiaoyu Zhao , Wen Yao

Approximating solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs) is fundamental for the modeling of dynamical systems in science and engineering. Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are a recent machine learning-based approach, for…

It was recently shown that the loss function used for training physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) exhibits local minima at solutions corresponding to fixed points of dynamical systems. In the forward setting, where the PINN is trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Milos Babic , Franz M. Rohrhofer , Bernhard C. Geiger

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have been proposed to solve two main classes of problems: data-driven solutions and data-driven discovery of partial differential equations. This task becomes prohibitive when such data is highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Wei Peng , Wen Yao , Weien Zhou , Xiaoya Zhang , Weijie Yao

In this study, novel physics-informed neural network (PINN) methods for coupling neighboring support points and their derivative terms which are obtained by automatic differentiation (AD), are proposed to allow efficient training with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Pao-Hsiung Chiu , Jian Cheng Wong , Chinchun Ooi , My Ha Dao , Yew-Soon Ong

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are employed to solve the classical compressible flow problem in a converging-diverging nozzle. This problem represents a typical example described by the Euler equations, thorough understanding of…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-07-10 Liang Hong , Song Zilong , Zhao Chong , Bian Xin

Parameter estimation remains a challenging task across many areas of engineering. Because data acquisition can often be costly, limited, or prone to inaccuracies (noise, uncertainty) it is crucial to identify sensor configurations that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-20 Georgios Venianakis , Constantinos Theodoropoulos , Michail Kavousanakis

A physics-informed neural network (PINN) uses physics-augmented loss functions, e.g., incorporating the residual term from governing partial differential equations (PDEs), to ensure its output is consistent with fundamental physics laws.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Jian Cheng Wong , Chinchun Ooi , Abhishek Gupta , Yew-Soon Ong

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) present a transformative approach for smart grid modeling by integrating physical laws directly into learning frameworks, addressing critical challenges of data scarcity and physical consistency in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Julen Cestero , Carmine Delle Femine , Kenji S. Muro , Marco Quartulli , Marcello Restelli

Numerical methods such as finite element have been flourishing in the past decades for modeling solid mechanics problems via solving governing partial differential equations (PDEs). A salient aspect that distinguishes these numerical…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-06-16 Chengping Rao , Hao Sun , Yang Liu

We present a new physics informed neural network (PINN) algorithm for solving brittle fracture problems. While most of the PINN algorithms available in the literature minimize the residual of the governing partial differential equation, the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-07-08 Somdatta Goswami , Cosmin Anitescu , Souvik Chakraborty , Timon Rabczuk

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have become a promising research direction in the field of solving Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). Dealing with singular perturbation problems continues to be a difficult challenge in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Sen Wang , Peizhi Zhao , Qinglong Ma , Tao Song