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Deep Research (DR) agents extend Large Language Models (LLMs) beyond parametric knowledge by autonomously retrieving and synthesizing evidence from large web corpora into long-form reports, enabling a long-horizon agentic paradigm. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Haohao Luo , Zexi Li , Yuexiang Xie , Wenhao Zhang , Yaliang Li , Ying Shen

Large Language Model (LLM) agents have shown stunning results in complex tasks, yet they often operate in isolation, failing to learn from past experiences. Existing memory-based methods primarily store raw trajectories, which are often…

Building embodied agents on integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) have revolutionized human-AI interaction: researchers can now leverage language instructions to plan decision-making for open-ended tasks.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Shaopeng Zhai , Jie Wang , Tianyi Zhang , Fuxian Huang , Qi Zhang , Ming Zhou , Jing Hou , Yu Qiao , Yu Liu

Recovering the structure of causal graphical models from observational data is an essential yet challenging task for causal discovery in scientific scenarios. Domain-specific causal discovery usually relies on expert validation or prior…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Taiyu Ban , Lyuzhou Chen , Derui Lyu , Xiangyu Wang , Qinrui Zhu , Qiang Tu , Huanhuan Chen

Experience-driven self-evolving agents aim to overcome the static nature of large language models by distilling reusable experience from past interactions, thus enabling adaptation to novel tasks at deployment time. This process places…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zhiyuan Fan , Wenwei Jin , Feng Zhang , Bin Li , Yihong Dong , Yao Hu , Jiawei Li

LLM agents increasingly operate in open-ended environments spanning hundreds of sequential episodes, yet they remain largely stateless: each task is solved from scratch without converting past experience into better future behavior. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Wujiang Xu , Jiaojiao Han , Minghao Guo , Kai Mei , Xi Zhu , Han Zhang , Dimitris N. Metaxas

Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have the potential to significantly enhance human productivity by reasoning, using tools, and executing complex tasks in diverse environments. However, current approaches to…

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) faces two critical bottlenecks distinct from single-agent RL: credit assignment in cooperative tasks and partial observability of environmental states. We propose LERO, a framework integrating Large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Yuan Wei , Xiaohan Shan , Jianmin Li

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has transformed the landscape of agentic information seeking capabilities through the integration of tools such as search engines and web browsers. However, current mainstream approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Dingchu Zhang , Yida Zhao , Jialong Wu , Baixuan Li , Wenbiao Yin , Liwen Zhang , Yong Jiang , Yufeng Li , Kewei Tu , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) aims to develop agents that can collaborate effectively. However, most cooperative MARL methods overfit training agents, making learned policies not generalize well to unseen…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Kanefumi Matsuyama , Kefan Su , Jiangxing Wang , Deheng Ye , Zongqing Lu

Computing has long served as a cornerstone of scientific discovery. Recently, a paradigm shift has emerged with the rise of large language models (LLMs), introducing autonomous systems, referred to as agents, that accelerate discovery…

Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) perform complex tasks through long-horizon reasoning and tool interaction, where a fundamental trade-off arises between execution efficiency and reasoning robustness. Models at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Wenbo Gao , Renxi Liu , Xian Wang , Fang Guo , Shuai Yang , Xi Chen , Hui-Ling Zhen , Hanting Chen , Weizhe Lin , Xiaosong Li , Yaoyuan Wang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a pivotal technique for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on specific tasks. However, prevailing RL fine-tuning methods predominantly rely on PPO and its variants. Though these algorithms…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Hao Ma , Tianyi Hu , Zhiqiang Pu , Boyin Liu , Xiaolin Ai , Yanyan Liang , Min Chen

LLM-based autonomous agents have demonstrated strong capabilities in reasoning, planning, and tool use, yet remain limited when tasks require sustained coordination across roles, tools, and environments. Multi-agent systems address this…

This paper proposes an exploration technique for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) with graph-based communication among agents. We assume the individual rewards received by the agents are independent of the actions by the other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Ainur Zhaikhan , Ali H. Sayed

Much of the advancement in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) for imperfect-information games has historically depended on the manual, iterative refinement of algorithmic baselines. Recently, evolutionary coding agents powered by…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Zun Li , John Schultz , Daniel Hennes , Marc Lanctot

The transition from static Large Language Models (LLMs) to self-improving agents is hindered by the lack of structured reasoning in traditional evolutionary approaches. Existing methods often struggle with premature convergence and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Chunhui Wan , Xunan Dai , Zhuo Wang , Minglei Li , Yanpeng Wang , Yinan Mao , Yu Lan , Zhiwen Xiao

Recent improvements in large language models have opened new opportunities for accelerating and automating scientific workflows. In parallel, modern collider analyses are becoming increasingly complex and demand substantial programming and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-02-09 W. Esmail , A. Hammad , M. Nojiri

The rapid advancement of chat-based language models has led to remarkable progress in complex task-solving. However, their success heavily relies on human input to guide the conversation, which can be challenging and time-consuming. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Guohao Li , Hasan Abed Al Kader Hammoud , Hani Itani , Dmitrii Khizbullin , Bernard Ghanem

Large models have achieved remarkable performance across a range of reasoning and understanding tasks. Prior work often utilizes model ensembles or multi-agent systems to collaboratively generate responses, effectively operating in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Siqi Huang , Sida Huang , Hongyuan Zhang