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How can we effectively handle queries for on-device large language models (LLMs) with varying runtime constraints, such as latency and accuracy? Multi-scale quantization addresses this challenge by enabling memory-efficient runtime model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Sangwoo Kwon , Seong Hoon Seo , Jae W. Lee , Yeonhong Park

Differential Privacy (DP) is a widely adopted technique, valued for its effectiveness in protecting the privacy of task-specific datasets, making it a critical tool for large language models. However, its effectiveness in Multimodal Large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Qianshan Wei , Jiaqi Li , Zihan You , Yi Zhan , Kecen Li , Jialin Wu , Xinfeng Li Hengjun Liu , Yi Yu , Bin Cao , Yiwen Xu , Yang Liu , Guilin Qi

We consider a three-level parallelisation scheme. The second and third levels define a classical two-level parallelisation scheme and some load balancing algorithm is used to distribute tasks among processes. It is well-known that for many…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Rima Kriauzienė , Andrej Bugajev , Raimondas Čiegis

Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) and task-to-core allocation are critical for thermal management and balancing energy and performance in embedded systems. Existing approaches either rely on utilization-based heuristics that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Mohammad Pivezhandi , Mahdi Banisharif , Abusayeed Saifullah , Ali Jannesari

Since the introduction of the GRPO algorithm, reinforcement learning (RL) has attracted increasing attention for LLM post-training, yet training efficiency remains a critical challenge. In mainstream RL frameworks, inference and training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Jian Lu

Massively multi-task learning with large language models has recently made substantial progress on few-shot generalization. However, this is usually performed in a centralized learning fashion, ignoring the privacy sensitivity issue of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Weilong Dong , Xinwei Wu , Junzhuo Li , Shuangzhi Wu , Chao Bian , Deyi Xiong

Retrieval-Augmented Generation is a technology that enhances large language models by integrating information retrieval. In the industry, inference services based on LLMs are highly sensitive to cost-performance ratio, prompting the need…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Jinqi Huang , Xuebing Yu , Yi Xiong , Wenjie Huang , Entong Li , Li Zeng , Xin chen

AI accelerator processing capabilities and memory constraints largely dictate the scale in which machine learning workloads (e.g., training and inference) can be executed within a desirable time frame. Training a state of the art,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Michael Benington , Leo Phan , Chris Pierre Paul , Evan Shoemaker , Priyanka Ranade , Torstein Collett , Grant Hodgson Perez , Christopher Krieger

While Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are popular in the deep learning community, they suffer from several challenges including over-smoothing, over-squashing, and gradient vanishing. Recently, a series of models have attempted to relieve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Junxiang Wang , Hongyi Li , Zheng Chai , Yongchao Wang , Yue Cheng , Liang Zhao

Distributed synchronous stochastic gradient descent has been widely used to train deep neural networks (DNNs) on computer clusters. With the increase of computational power, network communications generally limit the system scalability.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Shaohuai Shi , Xiaowen Chu , Bo Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized AI applications, but deploying them at scale presents significant challenges. We present RTP-LLM, a high-performance inference engine for industrial-scale LLM deployment, successfully…

Transformer models have emerged as the leading approach for achieving state-of-the-art performance across various application domains, serving as the foundation for advanced large-scale deep learning (DL) models. However, efficiently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Yujie Wang , Youhe Jiang , Xupeng Miao , Fangcheng Fu , Shenhan Zhu , Xiaonan Nie , Yaofeng Tu , Bin Cui

LLM-based applications have been widely used in various industries, but with the increasing of models size, an efficient large language model (LLM) inference system is an urgent problem to be solved for service providers. Since the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xing Chen , Rong Shi , Lu Zhao , Lingbin Wang , Xiao Jin , Yueqiang Chen , Hongfeng Sun

As large language models (LLMs) continue to scale, their workloads increasingly rely on distributed execution across multiple GPUs. However, the conventional bulk synchronous parallel~(BSP) model used in such settings introduces significant…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Octavian Alexandru Trifan , Karthik Sangaiah , Muhammad Awad , Muhammad Osama , Sumanth Gudaparthi , Alexandru Nicolau , Alexander Veidenbaum , Ganesh Dasika

Diffusion-based large language models (dLLMs) have recently gained significant attention for their exceptional performance and inherent potential for parallel decoding. Existing frameworks further enhance its inference efficiency by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Linye Wei , Wenjue Chen , Pingzhi Tang , Xiaotian Guo , Le Ye , Runsheng Wang , Meng Li

Large-scale models rely heavily on 3D parallelism for distributed training, which utilizes tensor parallelism (TP) as the intra-operator parallelism to partition model states across GPUs. However, TP introduces significant communication…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Ding Tang , Lijuan Jiang , Jiecheng Zhou , Minxi Jin , Hengjie Li , Xingcheng Zhang , Zhilin Pei , Jidong Zhai

As LLMs scale to multi-million-token KV histories, real-time autoregressive decoding under tight Token-to-Token Latency (TTL) constraints faces growing pressure. Two core bottlenecks dominate: accessing Feed-Forward Network (FFN) weights…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Nidhi Bhatia , Ankit More , Ritika Borkar , Tiyasa Mitra , Ramon Matas , Ritchie Zhao , Maximilian Golub , Dheevatsa Mudigere , Brian Pharris , Bita Darvish Rouhani

Motivated by the growing demand for serving large language model inference requests, we study distributed load balancing for global serving systems with network latencies. We consider a fluid model in which continuous flows of requests…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Santiago R. Balseiro , Vahab S. Mirrokni , Bartek Wydrowski

Large language models (LLMs) demand significant memory and computation resources. Wafer-scale chips (WSCs) provide high computation power and die-to-die (D2D) bandwidth but face a unique trade-off between on-chip memory and compute…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Huizheng Wang , Taiquan Wei , Zichuan Wang , Dingcheng Jiang , Qize Yang , Jiaxin Liu , Jingxiang Hou , Chao Li , Jinyi Deng , Yang Hu , Shouyi Yin

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance and tremendous potential across a wide range of tasks. However, deploying these models has been challenging due to the astronomical amount of model parameters, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Haihao Shen , Hanwen Chang , Bo Dong , Yu Luo , Hengyu Meng