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Related papers: Mitigating the ID-OOD Tradeoff in Open-Set Test-Ti…

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It is crucial to detect when an instance lies downright too far from the training samples for the machine learning model to be trusted, a challenge known as out-of-distribution (OOD) detection. For neural networks, one approach to this task…

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to address distribution shifts between source and target data by relying solely on target data during testing. In open-world scenarios, models often encounter noisy samples, i.e., samples outside the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Chentao Cao , Zhun Zhong , Zhanke Zhou , Tongliang Liu , Yang Liu , Kun Zhang , Bo Han

Pretrained Transformers achieve remarkable performance when training and test data are from the same distribution. However, in real-world scenarios, the model often faces out-of-distribution (OOD) instances that can cause severe semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-24 Wenxuan Zhou , Fangyu Liu , Muhao Chen

Test-time adaptation (TTA) enhances the zero-shot robustness under distribution shifts by leveraging unlabeled test data during inference. Despite notable advances, several challenges still limit its broader applicability. First, most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Youjia Zhang , Youngeun Kim , Young-Geun Choi , Hongyeob Kim , Huiling Liu , Sungeun Hong

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) has recently emerged as a promising approach for tackling the robustness challenge under distribution shifts. However, the lack of consistent settings and systematic studies in prior literature hinders thorough…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Hao Zhao , Yuejiang Liu , Alexandre Alahi , Tao Lin

Out-of-distribution (OOD) robustness is a critical challenge for modern machine learning systems, particularly as they increasingly operate in multimodal settings involving inputs like video, audio, and sensor data. Currently, many OOD…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Yuehan Qin , Li Li , Defu Cao , Tiankai Yang , Jiate Li , Yue Zhao

Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA) approaches address the covariate shift problem by minimizing the distribution discrepancy between the source and target domains, assuming that the label distribution is invariant across domains. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Xiaona Sun , Zhenyu Wu , Yichen Liu , Saier Hu , Zhiqiang Zhan , Yang Ji

Domain adaptation helps generalizing object detection models to target domain data with distribution shift. It is often achieved by adapting with access to the whole target domain data. In a more realistic scenario, target distribution is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Yijin Chen , Xun Xu , Yongyi Su , Kui Jia

Test-time adaptation (TTA) refers to adapting a classifier for the test data when the probability distribution of the test data slightly differs from that of the training data of the model. To the best of our knowledge, most of the existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Sravan Danda , Aditya Challa , Shlok Mehendale , Snehanshu Saha

Since real-world machine systems are running in non-stationary environments, Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) task is proposed to adapt the pre-trained model to continually changing target domains. Recently, existing methods mainly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Jiaming Liu , Senqiao Yang , Peidong Jia , Renrui Zhang , Ming Lu , Yandong Guo , Wei Xue , Shanghang Zhang

Wild Test-Time Adaptation (WTTA) is proposed to adapt a source model to unseen domains under extreme data scarcity and multiple shifts. Previous approaches mainly focused on sample selection strategies, while overlooking the fundamental…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Zixuan Hu , Yichun Hu , Xiaotong Li , Shixiang Tang , Ling-Yu Duan

Generalizing deep learning models to unknown target domain distribution with low latency has motivated research into test-time training/adaptation (TTT/TTA). Existing approaches often focus on improving test-time training performance under…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Yushu Li , Xun Xu , Yongyi Su , Kui Jia

Graph-based learning excels at capturing interaction patterns in diverse domains like recommendation, fraud detection, and particle physics. However, its performance often degrades under distribution shifts, especially those altering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hans Hao-Hsun Hsu , Shikun Liu , Han Zhao , Pan Li

Open Set Domain Adaptation (OSDA) bridges the domain gap between a labeled source domain and an unlabeled target domain, while also rejecting target classes that are not present in the source. To avoid negative transfer, OSDA can be tackled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-27 Silvia Bucci , Mohammad Reza Loghmani , Tatiana Tommasi

The ability of a deep learning network to distinguish between in-distribution (ID) and out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs is crucial for ensuring the reliability and trustworthiness of AI systems. Existing OOD detection methods often involve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Gagandeep Singh , Ishan Mishra , Deepak Mishra

Building up reliable Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detectors is challenging, often requiring the use of OOD data during training. In this work, we develop a data-driven approach which is distinct and complementary to existing works: Instead of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Jingyang Zhang , Nathan Inkawhich , Randolph Linderman , Ryan Luley , Yiran Chen , Hai Li

Domain shift remains a key challenge in deploying machine learning models to the real world. Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) aims to address this by minimising domain discrepancy during training, but the discrepancy estimates suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Andrea Napoli , Paul White

Previous OOD detection systems only focus on the semantic gap between ID and OOD samples. Besides the semantic gap, we are faced with two additional gaps: the domain gap between source and target domains, and the class-imbalance gap between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xiang Fang , Arvind Easwaran , Blaise Genest , Ponnuthurai Nagaratnam Suganthan

Despite their recent success, deep neural networks continue to perform poorly when they encounter distribution shifts at test time. Many recently proposed approaches try to counter this by aligning the model to the new distribution prior to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Samarth Sinha , Peter Gehler , Francesco Locatello , Bernt Schiele

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) aims to tackle distribution shifts using unlabeled test data without access to the source data. In the context of multimodal data, there are more complex noise patterns than unimodal data such as simultaneous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Zirun Guo , Tao Jin