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Large Language Models (LLMs) have become extremely potent instruments with exceptional capacities for comprehending and producing human-like text in a wide range of applications. However, the increasing size and complexity of LLMs present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yingbing Huang , Lily Jiaxin Wan , Hanchen Ye , Manvi Jha , Jinghua Wang , Yuhong Li , Xiaofan Zhang , Deming Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise in generating firmware for embedded systems, but often introduce security flaws and fail to meet real-time performance constraints. This paper proposes a three-phase methodology that combines…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Seyed Moein Abtahi , Akramul Azim

The integration of AI components, particularly Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), into safety-critical systems such as aerospace and autonomous vehicles presents fundamental challenges for assurance. The opacity of AI systems, combined with the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Anastasia Mavridou , Divya Gopinath , Corina S. Păsăreanu

Large Language Models (LLMs) challenge the validity of traditional open-ended assessments by blurring the lines of authorship. While recent research has focused on the accuracy of automated scoring (AES), these static approaches fail to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Tom Lee , Sihoon Lee , Seonghun Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) have propelled groundbreaking advancements across several domains and are commonly used for text generation applications. However, the computational demands of these complex models pose significant challenges,…

The widespread adoption of AI-assisted development tools in 2025 -- and the emergence of vibe coding, a practice of generating complete applications from natural language without verification -- exposed a critical and tool-agnostic failure…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Jasmine Moreira

The increasing use of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) in modern software engineering, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs) for code generation, has transformed professional software development by boosting productivity and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Sabrina Kaniewski , Dieter Holstein , Fabian Schmidt , Tobias Heer

Current hardware security verification processes predominantly rely on manual threat modeling and test plan generation, which are labor-intensive, error-prone, and struggle to scale with increasing design complexity and evolving attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Dipayan Saha , Hasan Al Shaikh , Shams Tarek , Farimah Farahmandi

AI has become integral to safety-critical areas like autonomous driving systems (ADS) and robotics. The architecture of recent autonomous systems are trending toward end-to-end (E2E) monolithic architectures such as large language models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Mandar Pitale , Jelena Frtunikj , Abhinaw Priyadershi , Vasu Singh , Maria Spence

As Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly become key components in various AI applications, understanding their security vulnerabilities and the effectiveness of defense mechanisms is crucial. This survey examines the security challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Frank Weizhen Liu , Chenhui Hu

In the field of robotics, researchers face a critical challenge in ensuring reliable and efficient task planning. Verifying high-level task plans before execution significantly reduces errors and enhance the overall performance of these…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Danil S. Grigorev , Alexey K. Kovalev , Aleksandr I. Panov

Advancements in AI capabilities, driven in large part by scaling up computing resources used for AI training, have created opportunities to address major global challenges but also pose risks of misuse. Hardware-enabled mechanisms (HEMs)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Aidan O'Gara , Gabriel Kulp , Will Hodgkins , James Petrie , Vincent Immler , Aydin Aysu , Kanad Basu , Shivam Bhasin , Stjepan Picek , Ankur Srivastava

The significant increase in software production, driven by the acceleration of development cycles over the past two decades, has led to a steady rise in software vulnerabilities, as shown by statistics published yearly by the CVE program.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Dyna Soumhane Ouchebara , Stéphane Dupont

Artifact Evaluation (AE) is essential for ensuring the transparency and reliability of research, closing the gap between exploratory work and real-world deployment is particularly important in cybersecurity, particularly in IoT and CPSs,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-16 David Heye , Karl Kindermann , Robin Decker , Johannes Lohmöller , Anastasiia Belova , Sandra Geisler , Klaus Wehrle , Jan Pennekamp

Novel AI-based code-writing Large Language Models (LLMs) such as OpenAI's Codex have demonstrated capabilities in many coding-adjacent domains. In this work we consider how LLMs maybe leveraged to automatically repair security relevant bugs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Baleegh Ahmad , Shailja Thakur , Benjamin Tan , Ramesh Karri , Hammond Pearce

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have significantly impacted various industries, including software development. Software testing, a crucial part of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), ensures the quality and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Ahmed Ramadan , Husam Yasin , Burhan Pektas

Software testing plays a critical role in ensuring that systems behave as intended. However, existing automated testing approaches struggle to match the capabilities of human engineers due to key limitations such as test locality, lack of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Kangping Xu , Yifan Luo , Yang Yuan , Andrew Chi-Chih Yao

While Large Language Models (LLMs) show significant potential in hardware engineering, current benchmarks suffer from saturation and limited task diversity, failing to reflect LLMs' performance in real industrial workflows. To address this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zhongkai Yu , Chenyang Zhou , Yichen Lin , Hejia Zhang , Haotian Ye , Junxia Cui , Zaifeng Pan , Jishen Zhao , Yufei Ding

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized software development, particularly by automating repetitive tasks and improving developer productivity. While these advancements are well-documented, the use of AI-powered tools for Software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-24 M. Mehdi Kholoosi , Triet Huynh Minh Le , M. Ali Babar

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for natural language processing tasks, revolutionizing the field with their ability to understand and generate human-like text. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Nikoletta Koilia , Christoforos Kachris