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Accurate interpretation of electrocardiogram (ECG) remains challenging due to the scarcity of labeled data and the high cost of expert annotation. Self-supervised learning (SSL) offers a promising solution by enabling models to learn…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zehao Qin , Xiaojian Lin , Ping Zhang , Hongliang Wu , Xinkang Wang , Guangling Liu , Bo Chen , Wenming Yang , Guijin Wang

Although electrocardiograms (ECG) play a dominant role in cardiovascular diagnosis and treatment, their intrinsic data forms and representational patterns pose significant challenges for medical multimodal large language models (Med-MLLMs)…

Simultaneous electrocardiography (ECG) and phonocardiogram (PCG) provide a comprehensive, multimodal perspective on cardiac function by capturing the heart's electrical and mechanical activities, respectively. However, the distinct and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Sajjad Karimi , Amit J. Shah , Gari D. Clifford , Reza Sameni

Extracting information from the electrocardiography (ECG) signal is an essential step in the design of digital health technologies in cardiology. In recent years, several machine learning (ML) algorithms for automatic extraction of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-18 Adrian Atienza , Jakob Bardram , Sadasivan Puthusserypady

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is an essential tool for diagnosing heart disease, with computer-aided systems improving diagnostic accuracy and reducing healthcare costs. Despite advancements, existing systems often miss rare cardiac anomalies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Aofan Jiang , Chaoqin Huang , Qing Cao , Yuchen Xu , Zi Zeng , Kang Chen , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang

Recently, many efforts have been made to explore how the brain processes speech using electroencephalographic (EEG) signals, where deep learning-based approaches were shown to be applicable in this field. In order to decode speech signals…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-24 Qiushi Zhu , Xiaoying Zhao , Jie Zhang , Yu Gu , Chao Weng , Yuchen Hu

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) can be diagnosed using various diagnostic modalities. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a cost-effective and widely available diagnostic aid that provides functional information of the heart. However, its ability…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-09 Özgün Turgut , Philip Müller , Paul Hager , Suprosanna Shit , Sophie Starck , Martin J. Menten , Eimo Martens , Daniel Rueckert

Accurate prediction of cardiovascular diseases remains imperative for early diagnosis and intervention, necessitating robust and precise predictive models. Recently, there has been a growing interest in multi-modal learning for uncovering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Francesco Girlanda , Olga Demler , Bjoern Menze , Neda Davoudi

Biomedical signal processing extract meaningful information from physiological signals like electrocardiograms (ECGs), electroencephalograms (EEGs), and electromyograms (EMGs) to diagnose, monitor, and treat medical conditions and diseases…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-13 Justin London

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a widely used non-invasive diagnostic tool for heart diseases. Many studies have devised ECG analysis models (e.g., classifiers) to assist diagnosis. As an upstream task, researches have built generative models to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Jintai Chen , Kuanlun Liao , Kun Wei , Haochao Ying , Danny Z. Chen , Jian Wu

Recent advances have increasingly applied large language models (LLMs) to electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation, giving rise to Electrocardiogram-Language Models (ELMs). Conditioned on an ECG and a textual query, an ELM autoregressively…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 William Han , Chaojing Duan , Zhepeng Cen , Yihang Yao , Xiaoyu Song , Atharva Mhaskar , Dylan Leong , Michael A. Rosenberg , Emerson Liu , Ding Zhao

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a widely used reliable, non-invasive approach for cardiovascular disease diagnosis. With the rapid growth of ECG examinations and the insufficiency of cardiologists, accurate and automatic diagnosis of ECG signals…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Dongdong Zhang , Xiaohui Yuan , Ping Zhang

In recent years, self-supervised learning methods have shown significant improvement for pre-training with unlabeled data and have proven helpful for electrocardiogram signals. However, most previous pre-training methods for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Jungwoo Oh , Hyunseung Chung , Joon-myoung Kwon , Dong-gyun Hong , Edward Choi

The 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is a quasi-periodic, multi-channel signal with diagnostic content spanning timescales from millisecond waveform morphology to multi-second rhythm dynamics. Existing ECG representation learning relies on…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Lei Xu , Fahad Sohrab , Mehmet Yamac , Merja Heinaniemi , Moncef Gabbouj

Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are beneficial in diagnosing cardiovascular diseases, which are one of the leading causes of death. However, they are often contaminated by noise artifacts and affect the automatic and manual diagnosis…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-19 Radhika Dua , Jiyoung Lee , Joon-myoung Kwon , Edward Choi

In real-world clinical practice, electrocardiograms (ECGs) are often captured and shared as photographs. However, publicly available ECG data, and thus most related research, relies on digital signals. This has led to a disconnect in which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Xiaoyu Wang , Ramesh Nadarajah , Zhiqiang Zhang , David Wong

This paper systematically investigates the effectiveness of various augmentations for contrastive self-supervised learning of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals and identifies the best parameters. The baseline of our proposed self-supervised…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-16 Sahar Soltanieh , Ali Etemad , Javad Hashemi

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a widely used tool for assessing cardiac function due to its low cost and accessibility. Emergent research shows that ECGs can help make predictions on key outcomes traditionally derived from more complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yuan Gao , Sangwook Kim , Chris McIntosh

Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is one of the most effective sources of information mainly employed for the diagnosis and prediction of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) connected with the abnormalities in heart rhythm. Clearly, single modality…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-13 Thinh Phan , Duc Le , Patel Brijesh , Donald Adjeroh , Jingxian Wu , Morten Olgaard Jensen , Ngan Le

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the non-invasive and low-risk methods to monitor the condition of the human heart. Any abnormal pattern(s) in the ECG signal is an indicative measure of malfunctioning of the heart, termed as arrhythmia.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-10-10 Sai Manoj Pudukotai Dinakarrao , Matthias Wess