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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in general-purpose code generation. However, generating the code which is deeply hardware-specific, architecture-aware, and performance-critical, especially for massively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Wentao Chen , Jiace Zhu , Qi Fan , Yehan Ma , An Zou

We present ongoing work on a new automatic code generation approach for supporting quantized generative inference on LLMs such as LLaMA or OPT on off-the-shelf CPUs. Our approach is informed by the target architecture and a performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Tommaso Pegolotti , Elias Frantar , Dan Alistarh , Markus Püschel

GPU kernel optimization has long been a central challenge at the intersection of high-performance computing and machine learning. Efficient kernels are crucial for accelerating large language model (LLM) training and serving, yet attaining…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Anjiang Wei , Tianran Sun , Yogesh Seenichamy , Hang Song , Anne Ouyang , Azalia Mirhoseini , Ke Wang , Alex Aiken

Optimizing GPU kernels manually is a challenging and time-consuming task. With the rapid development of LLMs, automated GPU kernel optimization is gradually becoming a tangible reality. However, current LLM-driven automated optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yuxuan Han , Meng-Hao Guo , Zhengning Liu , Wenguang Chen , Shi-Min Hu

GPU kernel optimization is increasingly critical for efficient deep learning systems, but writing high-performance kernels still requires substantial low-level expertise. Recent AI coding agents can iteratively read code, invoke compilers…

LLM-based agents for GPU kernel generation are advancing rapidly, yet their progress is fundamentally constrained by the benchmarks they optimize against. Existing benchmarks are poorly aligned with production inference frameworks: they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Gabriele Oliaro , Yichao Fu , May Jiang , Owen Lu , Junli Wang , Zhihao Jia , Hao Zhang , Samyam Rajbhandari

The demand for AI-generated GPU kernels is rapidly growing, influenced by the need for scalable, hardware-optimized solutions in both industry and academia. As deep learning workloads grow in complexity and diversity, it is imperative to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Jianghui Wang , Vinay Joshi , Saptarshi Majumder , Xu Chao , Bin Ding , Ziqiong Liu , Pratik Prabhanjan Brahma , Dong Li , Zicheng Liu , Emad Barsoum

Designing high-performance kernels requires expert-level tuning and a deep understanding of hardware characteristics. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled automated kernel generation, yet most existing systems rely…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Kelun Lei , Hailong Yang , Huaitao Zhang , Xin You , Kaige Zhang , Zhongzhi Luan , Yi Liu , Depei Qian

Efficient GPU kernels are crucial for building performant machine learning architectures, but writing them is a time-consuming challenge that requires significant expertise; therefore, we explore using language models (LMs) to automate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Anne Ouyang , Simon Guo , Simran Arora , Alex L. Zhang , William Hu , Christopher Ré , Azalia Mirhoseini

Kernel methods provide an elegant and principled approach to nonparametric learning, but so far could hardly be used in large scale problems, since na\"ive implementations scale poorly with data size. Recent advances have shown the benefits…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Giacomo Meanti , Luigi Carratino , Lorenzo Rosasco , Alessandro Rudi

Optimizing GPU kernels presents a significantly greater challenge for large language models (LLMs) than standard code generation tasks, as it requires understanding hardware architecture, parallel optimization strategies, and performance…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Nina Wiedemann , Quentin Leboutet , Michael Paulitsch , Diana Wofk , Benjamin Ummenhofer

Making deep learning recommendation model (DLRM) training and inference fast and efficient is important. However, this presents three key system challenges - model architecture diversity, kernel primitive diversity, and hardware generation…

Training Large Language Models (LLMs) efficiently at scale presents a formidable challenge, driven by their ever-increasing computational demands and the need for enhanced performance. In this work, we introduce Liger-Kernel, an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Pin-Lun Hsu , Yun Dai , Vignesh Kothapalli , Qingquan Song , Shao Tang , Siyu Zhu , Steven Shimizu , Shivam Sahni , Haowen Ning , Yanning Chen

Optimizing CUDA code across multiple generations of GPU architectures is challenging, as achieving peak performance requires an extensive exploration of an increasingly complex, hardware-specific optimization space. Traditional compilers…

Developing high-performance GPU kernels is critical for AI and scientific computing, but remains challenging due to its reliance on expert crafting and poor portability. While LLMs offer promise for automation, both general-purpose and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Xinguo Zhu , Shaohui Peng , Jiaming Guo , Yunji Chen , Qi Guo , Yuanbo Wen , Hang Qin , Ruizhi Chen , Qirui Zhou , Ke Gao , Yanjun Wu , Chen Zhao , Ling Li

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have revolutionized various fields, but their deployment on GPUs often leads to significant energy consumption. Unlike existing methods for reducing GPU energy consumption, which are either hardware-inflexible or…

Performance · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Yijia Zhang , Zhihong Gou , Shijie Cao , Weigang Feng , Sicheng Zhang , Guohao Dai , Ningyi Xu

Cutscenes are carefully choreographed cinematic sequences embedded in video games and interactive media, serving as the primary vehicle for narrative delivery, character development, and emotional engagement. Producing cutscenes is…

Efficient CUDA implementations of attention mechanisms are critical to modern deep learning systems, yet supporting diverse and evolving attention variants remains challenging. Existing frameworks and compilers trade performance for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Xing Ma , Yangjie Zhou , Wu Sun , Zihan Liu , Jingwen Leng , Yun Lin , Shixuan Sun , Minyi Guo , Jin Song Dong

To meet the ever-increasing demand for computational efficiency, Neural Processing Units (NPUs) have become critical in modern AI infrastructure. However, unlocking their full potential requires developing high-performance compute kernels…

Modern machine learning (ML) workloads increasingly rely on GPUs, yet achieving high end-to-end performance remains challenging due to dependencies on both GPU kernel efficiency and host-side settings. Although LLM-based methods show…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Shiyang Li , Zijian Zhang , Winson Chen , Yuebo Luo , Mingyi Hong , Caiwen Ding