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Large language models(LLMs) are increasingly integrated with external systems through the Model Context Protocol(MCP),which standardizes tool invocation and has rapidly become a backbone for LLM-powered applications. While this paradigm…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Shuli Zhao , Qinsheng Hou , Zihan Zhan , Yanhao Wang , Yuchong Xie , Yu Guo , Libo Chen , Shenghong Li , Zhi Xue

Safety evaluations of memory-equipped LLM agents typically measure within-task safety: whether an agent completes a single scenario safely, often under adversarial conditions such as prompt injection or memory poisoning. In deployment,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ahmad Al-Tawaha , Shangding Gu , Peizhi Niu , Ruoxi Jia , Ming Jin

Large language models (LLMs) and LLM-based agents have been widely deployed in a wide range of applications in the real world, including healthcare diagnostics, financial analysis, customer support, robotics, and autonomous driving,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Wenrui Xu , Keshab K. Parhi

Agentic systems based on large language models (LLMs) operate not merely as text generators but as autonomous entities that dynamically retrieve information and invoke tools. This execution model shifts the attack surface from traditional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xiaochong Jiang , Shiqi Yang , Wenting Yang , Yichen Liu , Cheng Ji

Ensuring the safe use of agentic systems requires a thorough understanding of the range of malicious behaviors these systems may exhibit when under attack. In this paper, we evaluate the robustness of LLM-based agentic systems against…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Jonathan Nöther , Adish Singla , Goran Radanovic

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as computer-use agents, autonomously performing tasks within real desktop or web environments. While this evolution greatly expands practical use cases for humans, it also creates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Sejin Lee , Jian Kim , Haon Park , Ashkan Yousefpour , Sangyoon Yu , Min Song

LLM-based user agents, which simulate user interaction behavior, are emerging as a promising approach to enhancing recommender systems. In real-world scenarios, users' interactions often exhibit cross-domain characteristics and are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Jiahao Liu , Shengkang Gu , Dongsheng Li , Guangping Zhang , Mingzhe Han , Hansu Gu , Peng Zhang , Tun Lu , Li Shang , Ning Gu

Memory makes LLM-based web agents personalized, powerful, yet exploitable. By storing past interactions to personalize future tasks, agents inadvertently create a persistent attack surface that spans websites and sessions. While existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Wei Zou , Mingwen Dong , Miguel Romero Calvo , Shuaichen Chang , Jiang Guo , Dongkyu Lee , Xing Niu , Xiaofei Ma , Yanjun Qi , Jiarong Jiang

Agentic AI systems, specifically LLM-driven agents that plan, invoke tools, maintain persistent memory, and delegate tasks to peer agents via protocols such as MCP and A2A, introduce a threat surface that differs materially from standalone…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Javad Forough , Marios Kogias , Hamed Haddadi

Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly evolving into autonomous agents that cooperate across organizational boundaries, enabling joint disaster response, supply-chain optimization, and other tasks that demand decentralized expertise…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Ronny Ko , Jiseong Jeong , Shuyuan Zheng , Chuan Xiao , Tae-Wan Kim , Makoto Onizuka , Won-Yong Shin

LLM agents do not act on raw interaction history; they act on a bounded decision state assembled by truncation, summarization, reordering, and rewriting. If directive-bearing state is dropped, weakened, or rebound during that step, an agent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Igor Santos-Grueiro

Autonomous agents powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) acquire external functionalities through third-party skills available in open marketplaces. Adopting these integrations broadens the potential attack surface, prompting a need for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Xinyu Liu , Yukai Zhao , Xing Hu , Xin Xia

We consider resilient versions of discrete-time multi-agent consensus in the presence of faulty or even malicious agents in the network. In particular, we develop event-triggered update rules which can mitigate the influence of the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Yuan Wang , Hideaki Ishii

LLMs are increasingly capable of persuasion, which raises the question of how to protect users against manipulation. In a preregistered user study (N=120) across four decision-making scenarios, we find that an adversarial LLM with a hidden…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Lennart Wachowiak , Scott D. Blain , David Williams-King , Samuele Marro

Complex tasks are increasingly delegated to ensembles of specialized LLM-based agents that reason, communicate, and coordinate actions-both among themselves and through interactions with external tools, APIs, and databases. While persistent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Alireza Rezazadeh , Zichao Li , Ange Lou , Yuying Zhao , Wei Wei , Yujia Bao

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as analyst assistants in security operations centers (SOCs), where they ingest log and alert data to produce triage labels, incident summaries, or remediation advice. We study a structural…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Rohan Pandey , Archit Bhujang

Recently, autonomous agents built on large language models (LLMs) have experienced significant development and are being deployed in real-world applications. These agents can extend the base LLM's capabilities in multiple ways. For example,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Boyang Zhang , Yicong Tan , Yun Shen , Ahmed Salem , Michael Backes , Savvas Zannettou , Yang Zhang

A Large Language Model (LLM) powered GUI agent is a specialized autonomous system that performs tasks on the user's behalf according to high-level instructions. It does so by perceiving and interpreting the graphical user interfaces (GUIs)…

Web-use agents are rapidly being deployed to automate complex web tasks with extensive browser capabilities. However, these capabilities create a critical and previously unexplored attack surface. This paper demonstrates how attackers can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Avishag Shapira , Parth Atulbhai Gandhi , Edan Habler , Asaf Shabtai

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as agentic systems that plan, memorize, and act in open-world environments. This shift brings new security problems: failures are no longer only unsafe text generation, but can become…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhihang Deng , Jiaping Gui , Weinan Zhang