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The complexity and interconnectivity of entities involved in money laundering demand investigative reasoning over graph-structured data. This paper explores the use of large language models (LLMs) as reasoning engines over localized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Erfan Pirmorad

Collaborative fraud, where multiple fraudulent accounts coordinate to exploit online payment systems, poses significant challenges due to the formation of complex network structures. Traditional detection methods that rely solely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Chi Liu

Tor is a widely used anonymity network that conceals user identities by routing traffic through encrypted relays, yet it remains vulnerable to traffic correlation attacks that deanonymize users by matching patterns in ingress and egress…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Binghui Wu , Dinil Mon Divakaran , Levente Csikor , Mohan Gurusamy

As the availability of financial services online continues to grow, the incidence of fraud has surged correspondingly. Fraudsters continually seek new and innovative ways to circumvent the detection algorithms in place. Traditionally, fraud…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Prashank Kadam

Many business applications involve adversarial relationships in which both sides adapt their strategies to optimize their opposing benefits. One of the key characteristics of these applications is the wide range of strategies that an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Daniel Borrajo , Manuela Veloso , Sameena Shah

How can we spot money laundering in large-scale graph-like accounting datasets? How to identify the most suspicious period in a time-evolving accounting graph? What kind of accounts and events should practitioners prioritize under time…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Meng-Chieh Lee , Yue Zhao , Aluna Wang , Pierre Jinghong Liang , Leman Akoglu , Vincent S. Tseng , Christos Faloutsos

Global illicit fund flows exceed an estimated $3.1 trillion annually, with stablecoins emerging as a preferred laundering medium due to their liquidity. While decentralized protocols increasingly adopt zero-knowledge proofs to obfuscate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Luciano Juvinski , Haochen Li , Alessio Brini

Detecting fraudulent activities in financial and e-commerce transaction networks is crucial. One effective method for this is Densest Subgraph Discovery (DSD). However, deploying DSD methods in production systems faces substantial…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Jiaxin Jiang , Siyuan Yao , Yuchen Li , Qiange Wang , Bingsheng He , Min Chen

Money laundering is a financial crime that poses a serious threat to financial integrity and social security. The growing number of transactions makes it necessary to use automatic tools that help law enforcement agencies detect such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Marco Di Gennaro , Francesco Panebianco , Marco Pianta , Stefano Zanero , Michele Carminati

Financial transaction fraud prevention faces challenges such as complex relationship structures, concealed behavioral patterns, and dynamically changing data distribution. Discrimination models relying solely on independent sample features…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yunfei Nie , Jiawei Wang , Ruobing Yan , Yuhan Wang , Zouxiaowei Ma , Yilun Wu

Anti-money laundering (AML) systems are important for protecting the global economy. However, conventional rule-based methods rely on domain knowledge, leading to suboptimal accuracy and a lack of scalability. Graph neural networks (GNNs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Chung-Hoo Poon , James Kwok , Calvin Chow , Jang-Hyeon Choi

Fraud detection problems are usually formulated as a machine learning problem on a graph. Recently, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown solid performance on fraud detection. The successes of most previous methods heavily rely on rich…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Chen Wang , Yingtong Dou , Min Chen , Jia Chen , Zhiwei Liu , Philip S. Yu

The rise of Web3 and Decentralized Finance (DeFi) has enabled borderless access to financial services empowered by smart contracts and blockchain technology. However, the ecosystem's trustless, permissionless, and borderless nature presents…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Hesam Sarkhosh , Uzma Maroof , Diogo Barradas

Money laundering is the crucial mechanism utilized by criminals to inject proceeds of crime to the financial system. The primary responsibility of the detection of suspicious activity related to money laundering is with the financial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-18 Utku Görkem Ketenci , Tolga Kurt , Selim Önal , Cenk Erbil , Sinan Aktürkoğlu , Hande Şerban İlhan

Financial fraud refers to the act of obtaining financial benefits through dishonest means. Such behavior not only disrupts the order of the financial market but also harms economic and social development and breeds other illegal and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yuxin Dong , Jianhua Yao , Jiajing Wang , Yingbin Liang , Shuhan Liao , Minheng Xiao

With the widespread digitization of finance and the increasing popularity of cryptocurrencies, the sophistication of fraud schemes devised by cybercriminals is growing. Money laundering -- the movement of illicit funds to conceal their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Erik Altman , Jovan Blanuša , Luc von Niederhäusern , Béni Egressy , Andreea Anghel , Kubilay Atasu

In recent years, the unprecedented growth in digital payments fueled consequential changes in fraud and financial crimes. In this new landscape, traditional fraud detection approaches such as rule-based engines have largely become…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-03 E. Kurshan , H. Shen , H. Yu

The detection of frauds in credit card transactions is a major topic in financial research, of profound economic implications. While this has hitherto been tackled through data analysis techniques, the resemblances between this and other…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-06-08 Massimiliano Zanin , Miguel Romance , Santiago Moral , Regino Criado

In this paper, we focused on using deep learning methods for detecting money laundering in financial transaction networks, in order to demonstrate that it can be used as a complement or instead of the more commonly used rule-based systems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Mashkhal Abdalwahid Sidiq , Yimamu Kirubel Wondaferew

Control Flow Graphs and Function Call Graphs have become pivotal in providing a detailed understanding of program execution and effectively characterizing the behavior of malware. These graph-based representations, when combined with Graph…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Hesamodin Mohammadian , Griffin Higgins , Samuel Ansong , Roozbeh Razavi-Far , Ali A. Ghorbani