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The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has led to the widespread deployment of LLM agents across diverse industries, including customer service, content generation, data analysis, and even healthcare. However, as more LLM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Yingxuan Yang , Huacan Chai , Yuanyi Song , Siyuan Qi , Muning Wen , Ning Li , Junwei Liao , Haoyi Hu , Jianghao Lin , Gaowei Chang , Weiwen Liu , Ying Wen , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang

Autonomous vehicle navigation in complex environments such as dense and fast-moving highways and merging scenarios remains an active area of research. A key limitation of RL is its reliance on well-specified reward functions, which often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Timur Anvar , Jeffrey Chen , Yuyan Wang , Rohan Chandra

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance on general Question Answering (QA), yet they often struggle in domain-specific scenarios where accurate and up-to-date information is required. Retrieval-Augmented Generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Haoyue Bai , Haoyu Wang , Shengyu Chen , Zhengzhang Chen , Lu-An Tang , Wei Cheng , Haifeng Chen , Yanjie Fu

Multi-agent large language model (LLM) systems have shown strong potential in complex reasoning and collaborative decision-making tasks. However, most existing coordination schemes rely on static or full-context routing strategies, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Jun Liu , Zhenglun Kong , Changdi Yang , Fan Yang , Tianqi Li , Peiyan Dong , Joannah Nanjekye , Hao Tang , Geng Yuan , Wei Niu , Wenbin Zhang , Pu Zhao , Xue Lin , Dong Huang , Yanzhi Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are useful in many NLP tasks and become more capable with size, with the best open-source models having over 50 billion parameters. However, using these 50B+ models requires high-end hardware, making them…

Large language models (LLMs) achieve state-of-the-art accuracy on complex reasoning tasks by generating multiple chain-of-thought (CoT) traces, but using a fixed token budget per query leads to over-computation on easy inputs and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Katrina Brown , Aneesh Muppidi , Rana Shahout

System prompts for LLM-based coding agents are software artifacts that govern agent behavior, yet lack the testing infrastructure applied to conventional software. We present Arbiter, a framework combining formal evaluation rules with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Tony Mason

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have expanded the context window to beyond 128K tokens, enabling long-document understanding and multi-source reasoning. A key challenge, however, lies in choosing between retrieval-augmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yiwen Chen , Kuan Li , Fuzhen Zhuang , Deqing Wang , Zhao Zhang , Liwen Zhang , Yong Jiang , Shuai Wang , Minhao Cheng

Recent mechanistic studies suggest that large language models (LLMs) may utilize their depth inefficiently in standard single-turn tasks. Whether this still holds in autonomous agent settings, where models must perform multi-turn planning,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zhenyu Cui , Xiangzhong Luo

Ensuring web accessibility at scale remains challenging because rule-based tools provide limited coverage while manual remediation is costly and error-prone. This paper evaluates large language model based agents, specifically Kimi K2.5,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Oluwatoyosi Oyelayo , Ghada Abushaqra , Parham Asadi , Durjoy Dey , Diego Elias Costa

This survey investigates foundational technologies essential for developing effective Large Language Model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems. Aiming to answer how best to optimize these systems for collaborative, dynamic environments, we…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-04-04 R. M. Aratchige , W. M. K. S. Ilmini

Evaluating large language model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems remains a critical challenge, as these systems must exhibit reliable coordination, transparent decision-making, and verifiable performance across evolving tasks. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 YenTing Lee , Keerthi Koneru , Zahra Moslemi , Sheethal Kumar , Ramesh Radhakrishnan

Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) have been applied in diverse areas such as knowledge bases, human interfaces, and dynamic agents, and marking a stride towards achieving Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). However, current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Yunpeng Huang , Jingwei Xu , Junyu Lai , Zixu Jiang , Taolue Chen , Zenan Li , Yuan Yao , Xiaoxing Ma , Lijuan Yang , Hao Chen , Shupeng Li , Penghao Zhao

Task planning, the problem of sequencing actions to reach a goal from an initial state, is a core capability requirement for autonomous robotic systems. Whether large language models (LLMs) can serve as viable planners alongside classical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Kai Göbel , Pierrick Lorang , Patrik Zips , Tobias Glück

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become foundational to modern AI agent systems, enabling autonomous agents to reason and plan. In most existing systems, inter-agent communication relies primarily on natural language. While this design…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Pengcheng Zhou , Yinglun Feng , Halimulati Julaiti , Zhongliang Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown prominent performance in various downstream tasks and prompt engineering plays a pivotal role in optimizing LLMs' performance. This paper, not only as an overview of current prompt engineering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Haochen Li , Jonathan Leung , Zhiqi Shen

As LLM-based systems increasingly operate as agents embedded within human social and technical systems, alignment can no longer be treated as a property of an isolated model, but must be understood in relation to the environments in which…

Recent advances in agentic AI have shifted the focus from standalone Large Language Models (LLMs) to integrated systems that combine LLMs with tools, memory, and other agents to perform complex tasks. These multi-agent architectures enable…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Sreemaee Akshathala , Bassam Adnan , Mahisha Ramesh , Karthik Vaidhyanathan , Basil Muhammed , Kannan Parthasarathy

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for accelerating scientific discovery, yet their static knowledge and hallucination issues hinder autonomous research applications. Recent advances integrate LLMs into agentic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Zeyu Xia , Jinzhe Ma , Congjie Zheng , Shufei Zhang , Yuqiang Li , Hang Su , P. Hu , Changshui Zhang , Xingao Gong , Wanli Ouyang , Lei Bai , Dongzhan Zhou , Mao Su

Effectively configuring scalable large language model (LLM) experiments, spanning architecture design, hyperparameter tuning, and beyond, is crucial for advancing LLM research, as poor configuration choices can waste substantial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Taicheng Guo , Nitesh V. Chawla , Olaf Wiest , Xiangliang Zhang