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Large language models (LLMs) constitute a breakthrough state-of-the-art Artificial Intelligence technology which is rapidly evolving and promises to aid in medical diagnosis. However, the correctness and the accuracy of their returns has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Dimitrios P. Panagoulias , Maria Virvou , George A. Tsihrintzis

The proliferation of fake news has had far-reaching implications on politics, the economy, and society at large. While Fake news detection methods have been employed to mitigate this issue, they primarily depend on two essential elements:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Guanghua Li , Wensheng Lu , Wei Zhang , Defu Lian , Kezhong Lu , Rui Mao , Kai Shu , Hao Liao

Recent multimodal image generators such as GPT-4o, Gemini 2.0 Flash, and Gemini 2.5 Pro excel at following complex instructions, editing images and maintaining concept consistency. However, they are still evaluated by disjoint toolkits:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Hang Hua , Ziyun Zeng , Yizhi Song , Yunlong Tang , Liu He , Daniel Aliaga , Wei Xiong , Jiebo Luo

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown strong capabilities across a broad range of benchmarks. However, most existing evaluations focus on passive inference, where models perform step-by-step reasoning under complete…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Hongcheng Liu , Pingjie Wang , Yuhao Wang , Siqu Ou , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are gaining increasing popularity in both academia and industry due to their remarkable performance in various applications such as visual question answering, visual perception, understanding, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Jian Li , Weiheng Lu , Hao Fei , Meng Luo , Ming Dai , Min Xia , Yizhang Jin , Zhenye Gan , Ding Qi , Chaoyou Fu , Ying Tai , Wankou Yang , Yabiao Wang , Chengjie Wang

In the broader context of deep learning, Multimodal Large Language Models have achieved significant breakthroughs by leveraging powerful Large Language Models as a backbone to align different modalities into the language space. A prime…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Eunseop Yoon , Hee Suk Yoon , Mark A. Hasegawa-Johnson , Chang D. Yoo

Recent advancements in multimodal large language models for video understanding (videoLLMs) have enhanced their capacity to process complex spatiotemporal data. However, challenges such as factual inaccuracies, harmful content, biases,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Youze Wang , Zijun Chen , Ruoyu Chen , Shishen Gu , Wenbo Hu , Jiayang Liu , Yinpeng Dong , Hang Su , Jun Zhu , Meng Wang , Richang Hong

Video Large Multimodal Models (VLMMs) have made impressive strides in understanding video content, but they often struggle with abstract and adaptive reasoning-the ability to revise their interpretations when new information emerges. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yue Zhang , Jilei Sun , Yunhui Guo , Vibhav Gogate

Recent advances in multimodal large language models enable new possibilities for image-based decision support. However, their reliability and operational trade-offs in neuroimaging remain insufficiently understood. We present a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Katarina Trojachanec Dineva , Stefan Andonov , Ilinka Ivanoska , Ivan Kitanovski , Sasho Gramatikov , Tamara Kostova , Monika Simjanoska Misheva , Kostadin Mishev

Although both Google Gemini (1.5 Flash) and ChatGPT (4o and 4o-mini) give research quality evaluation scores that correlate positively with expert scores in nearly all fields, and more strongly that citations in most, it is not known…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Mike Thelwall

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown strong performance in visual and audio understanding when evaluated in isolation. However, their ability to jointly reason over omni-modal (visual, audio, and textual) signals in long and…

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have achieved great success recently, demonstrating a strong capability to understand multimodal information and to interact with human users. Despite the progress made, the challenge of detecting high-risk…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Hao Yang , Lizhen Qu , Ehsan Shareghi , Gholamreza Haffari

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated substantial progress in biomedical and clinical applications, motivating rigorous evaluation of their ability to answer nuanced, evidence-based questions. We curate a multi-source benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Can Wang , Yiqun Chen

Humans naturally share information with those they are connected to, and video has become one of the dominant mediums for communication and expression on the Internet. To support the creation of high-quality large-scale video content, a…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in complex multimodal tasks. While MLLMs excel at visual perception and reasoning in third-person and egocentric videos, they are prone to hallucinations,…

Large language models (LLMs) assisted literature retrieval may lead to erroneous references, but these errors have not been rigorously quantified. Therefore, we quantitatively assess errors in reference retrieval of widely used free-version…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Jenny Gao , Yongfeng Zhang , Mary L Disis , Lanjing Zhang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) promise advanced vision language capabilities, yet their effectiveness in visually presented mathematics remains underexplored. This paper analyzes the development and evaluation of MLLMs for…

A Large Language Model (LLM) as judge evaluates the quality of victim Machine Learning (ML) models, specifically LLMs, by analyzing their outputs. An LLM as judge is the combination of one model and one specifically engineered judge prompt…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Tom Biskupski , Stephan Kleber

Recent advances in CoT reasoning and RL post-training have been reported to enhance video reasoning capabilities of MLLMs. This progress naturally raises a question: can these models perform complex video reasoning in a manner comparable to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Junhao Cheng , Yuying Ge , Teng Wang , Yixiao Ge , Jing Liao , Ying Shan

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are evolving from passive observers into active agents, solving problems through Visual Expansion (invoking visual tools) and Knowledge Expansion (open-web search). However, existing evaluations fall…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Qianshan Wei , Yishan Yang , Siyi Wang , Jinglin Chen , Binyu Wang , Jiaming Wang , Shuang Chen , Zechen Li , Yang Shi , Yuqi Tang , Weining Wang , Yi Yu , Chaoyou Fu , Qi Li , Yi-Fan Zhang