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Static analyzers can reason about the properties and behaviors of programs and detect various issues without executing them. Hence, they should extract the necessary information to understand the analyzed program well. Annotation has been a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Huaien Zhang , Yu Pei , Shuyun Liang , Shin Hwei Tan

Context: Static Application Security Testing Tools (SASTTs) identify software vulnerabilities to support the security and reliability of software applications. Interestingly, several studies have suggested that alternative solutions may be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Matteo Esposito , Valentina Falaschi , Davide Falessi

Reliable evaluation is fundamental to the progress of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet the evaluation process during pre-training is plagued by significant instability that obscures true learning dynamics. In this work, we systematically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jiapeng Wang , Changxin Tian , Kunlong Chen , Ziqi Liu , Jiaxin Mao , Wayne Xin Zhao , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jun Zhou

Version control system tools empower developers to independently work on their development tasks. These tools also facilitate the integration of changes through merging operations, and report textual conflicts. However, when developers…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Galileu Santos de Jesus , Paulo Borba , Rodrigo Bonifácio , Matheus Barbosa de Oliveira

Call graphs depict the static, caller-callee relation between "functions" in a program. With most source/target languages supporting functions as the primitive unit of composition, call graphs naturally form the fundamental control flow…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Ganesh M. Narayan , K. Gopinath , V. Sridhar

Java reflection has been increasingly used in a wide range of software. It allows a software system to inspect and/or modify the behaviour of its classes, interfaces, methods and fields at runtime, enabling the software to adapt to…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-06-15 Yue Li , Tian Tan , Jingling Xue

Background: Symbolic models, particularly decision trees, are widely used in software engineering for explainable analytics in defect prediction, configuration tuning, and software quality assessment. Most of these models rely on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Amirali Rayegan , Tim Menzies

In software practice, static analysis tools remain an integral part of detecting defects in software and there have been various tools designed to run the analysis in different programming languages like Java, C++, and Python. This paper…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Jones Yeboah , Saheed Popoola

The design and implementation of precise static analyzers for significant fragments of modern imperative languages like C, C++, Java and Python is a challenging problem. In this paper, we consider a core imperative language that has several…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2007-06-28 Roberto Bagnara , Patricia M. Hill , Andrea Pescetti , Enea Zaffanella

Code analysis is fundamental in Software Engineering, supporting debugging, optimization, and security assessment. Human developers approach it through syntax parsing, static semantics inference, and dynamic reasoning. Traditional tools are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Wei Ma , Zhihao Lin , Shangqing Liu , Qiang Hu , Ye Liu , Wenhan Wang , Cen Zhang , Liming Nie , Li Li , Yang Liu , Lingxiao Jiang

Graph-based data models allow for flexible data representation. In particular, semantic data based on RDF and OWL fuels use cases ranging from general knowledge graphs to domain specific knowledge in various technological or scientific…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-02-06 Philipp Seifer , Martin Leinberger , Ralf Lämmel , Steffen Staab

Software vulnerabilities remain a persistent risk, yet static and dynamic analyses often overlook structural dependencies that shape insecure behaviors. Viewing programs as heterogeneous graphs, we capture control- and data-flow relations…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jugal Gajjar , Kaustik Ranaware , Kamalasankari Subramaniakuppusamy

Static analysis is a powerful technique for automatic verification of programs but raises major engineering challenges when developing a full-fledged analyzer for a realistic language such as Java. This paper describes the Sawja library: a…

We study the use of greedy feature selection methods for morphosyntactic tagging under a number of different conditions. We compare a static ordering of features to a dynamic ordering based on mutual information statistics, and we apply the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-03-22 Bernd Bohnet , Miguel Ballesteros , Ryan McDonald , Joakim Nivre

Graph-matching metrics such as Smatch are the de facto standard for evaluating neural semantic parsers, yet they capture surface overlap rather than logical equivalence. We reassess evaluation by pairing graph-matching with automated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Hayate Funakura , Hyunsoo Kim , Koji Mineshima

Static code analysis (SCA) tools are widely used as effective ways to detect bugs and vulnerabilities in software systems. However, the reports generated by these tools often contain a large number of non-actionable findings, which can…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Tamás Aladics , Norbert Vándor , Rudolf Ferenc , Péter Hegedűs

What-if analysis is widely used to explore hypothetical scenarios and evaluate alternative pathways to desired results. However, current approaches are fragmented: systems implement what-if capabilities under diverse terminologies with…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Sneha Gathani , Kevin Li , Raghav Thind , Sirui Zeng , Matthew Xu , Peter J. Haas , Cagatay Demiralp , Zhicheng Liu

The recent successful paradigm of solving logical reasoning problems with tool-augmented large language models (LLMs) leverages translation of natural language (NL) statements into First-Order Logic~(FOL) and external theorem provers.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Ramya Keerthy Thatikonda , Wray Buntine , Ehsan Shareghi

We document an empirical phenomenon in chain-of-thought and ReAct agents driven by ten large language models from seven architecture families: meaning-bearing perturbations (e.g., paraphrase, synonym) alter final answers more often than…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Liyun Zhang , Jiayi Guo

Predictive models are fundamental to engineering reliable software systems. However, designing conservative, computable approximations for the behavior of programs (static analyses) remains a difficult and error-prone process for modern…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2011-05-10 David Van Horn , Matthew Might