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Modern autoregressive models rely on attention, yet the Softmax full attention in Transformers scales quadratically with sequence length. Sliding Window Attention (SWA) achieves linear-time encoding/decoding by constraining the attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Jiaxu Liu , Yuhe Bai , Xiangyu Yin , Christos-Savvas Bouganis

The Transformer architecture has become the foundation of modern deep learning, yet its core self-attention mechanism suffers from quadratic computational complexity and lacks grounding in biological neural computation. We propose Selective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Hasi Hays

In this work, we conduct a systematic analysis of Native Sparse Attention (NSA) and propose targeted improvements that enhance long-context modeling. A key insight is that alternating between local (sliding-window) and global (compression,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yuxuan Hu , Jianchao Tan , Jiaqi Zhang , Wen Zan , Pingwei Sun , Yifan Lu , Yerui Sun , Yuchen Xie , Xunliang Cai , Jing Zhang

Random-feature-based attention (RFA) is an efficient approximation of softmax attention with linear runtime and space complexity. However, the approximation gap between RFA and conventional softmax attention is not well studied. Built upon…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Lin Zheng , Jianbo Yuan , Chong Wang , Lingpeng Kong

Gating mechanisms have been widely utilized, from early models like LSTMs and Highway Networks to recent state space models, linear attention, and also softmax attention. Yet, existing literature rarely examines the specific effects of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Zihan Qiu , Zekun Wang , Bo Zheng , Zeyu Huang , Kaiyue Wen , Songlin Yang , Rui Men , Le Yu , Fei Huang , Suozhi Huang , Dayiheng Liu , Jingren Zhou , Junyang Lin

Linear attention Transformers and their gated variants, celebrated for enabling parallel training and efficient recurrent inference, still fall short in recall-intensive tasks compared to traditional Transformers and demand significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Yu Zhang , Songlin Yang , Ruijie Zhu , Yue Zhang , Leyang Cui , Yiqiao Wang , Bolun Wang , Freda Shi , Bailin Wang , Wei Bi , Peng Zhou , Guohong Fu

Transformers have demonstrated strong performance across a wide range of sequence modeling tasks, but their quadratic attention complexity limits scalability to long sequences. Linear models such as Mamba and sliding-window attention (SWA)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Aref Jafari , Yuhe Fan , Benyamin Jamialahmadi , Parsa Farinneya , Boxing Chen , Marzieh S. Tahaei

The quadratic complexity of self attention in Transformer based LLMs renders long context inference prohibitively expensive. While Sliding Window Attention (SWA), the simplest sparse attention pattern, offers a linear complexity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Yijiong Yu , Jiale Liu , Qingyun Wu , Huazheng Wang , Ji Pei

While the self-attention mechanism has been widely used in a wide variety of tasks, it has the unfortunate property of a quadratic cost with respect to the input length, which makes it difficult to deal with long inputs. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Xiaoya Li , Yuxian Meng , Mingxin Zhou , Qinghong Han , Fei Wu , Jiwei Li

Most protein families have fewer than 100 known members, a regime where deep generative models overfit or collapse. We propose stochastic attention (SA), a training-free sampler that treats the modern Hopfield energy over a protein…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jeffrey D. Varner

Sparse-Linear Attention (SLA) combines sparse and linear attention to accelerate diffusion models and has shown strong performance in video generation. However, (i) SLA relies on a heuristic split that assigns computations to the sparse or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Jintao Zhang , Haoxu Wang , Kai Jiang , Kaiwen Zheng , Youhe Jiang , Ion Stoica , Jianfei Chen , Jun Zhu , Joseph E. Gonzalez

Long-context modeling is crucial for next-generation language models, yet the high computational cost of standard attention mechanisms poses significant computational challenges. Sparse attention offers a promising direction for improving…

Efficiently supporting long context length is crucial for Transformer models. The quadratic complexity of the self-attention computation plagues traditional Transformers. Sliding window-based static sparse attention mitigates the problem by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Zhenyu Bai , Pranav Dangi , Huize Li , Tulika Mitra

We report an improvement to the conventional Echo State Network (ESN) across three benchmark chaotic time-series prediction tasks using fruit fly connectome data alone. We also investigate the impact of key connectome-derived structural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Jacob Morra , Mark Daley

Humans' internal states play a key role in human-machine interaction, leading to the rise of human state estimation as a prominent field. Compared to swift state changes such as surprise and irritation, modeling gradual states like trust…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Minxue Niu , Zhaobo Zheng , Kumar Akash , Teruhisa Misu

Self-attention scales quadratically with input size, limiting its use for large-scale physical systems. Although sparse attention mechanisms provide a viable alternative, they are primarily designed for regular structures such as text or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Catalin E. Brita , Hieu Nguyen , Lohithsai Yadala Chanchu , Domonkos Nagy , Maksim Zhdanov

Recent advances in transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various tasks. However, their quadratic computational complexity concerning sequence length remains a significant bottleneck…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Zichuan Fu , Wentao Song , Yejing Wang , Xian Wu , Yefeng Zheng , Yingying Zhang , Derong Xu , Xuetao Wei , Tong Xu , Xiangyu Zhao

This paper studies the performative prediction problem which optimizes a stochastic loss function with data distribution that depends on the decision variable. We consider a setting where the agent(s) provides samples adapted to the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-05 Qiang Li , Hoi-To Wai

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have been recently integrated into Transformer architectures due to their potential to reduce computational demands and to improve power efficiency. Yet, the implementation of the attention mechanism using…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Zihang Song , Prabodh Katti , Osvaldo Simeone , Bipin Rajendran

Attention mechanism is a significant part of Transformer models. It helps extract features from embedded vectors by adding global information and its expressivity has been proved to be powerful. Nevertheless, the quadratic complexity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Hanwen Liu , Yixuan Ma , Shi Jin , Yuguang Wang
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