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Large language models play a crucial role in modern natural language processing technologies. However, their extensive use also introduces potential security risks, such as the possibility of black-box attacks. These attacks can embed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Daniil Khomsky , Narek Maloyan , Bulat Nutfullin

The advancing digitalization of vehicles and automotive systems bears many advantages for creating and enhancing comfort and safety-related systems ranging from drive-by-wire, inclusion of advanced displays, entertainment systems up to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-18 Stefan Marksteiner , Zhendong Ma

Penetration testing and vulnerability assessment are essential industry practices for safeguarding computer systems. As cyber threats grow in scale and complexity, the demand for pentesting has surged, surpassing the capacity of human…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yasod Ginige , Akila Niroshan , Sajal Jain , Suranga Seneviratne

Pre-trained models of code have achieved success in many important software engineering tasks. However, these powerful models are vulnerable to adversarial attacks that slightly perturb model inputs to make a victim model produce wrong…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Zhou Yang , Jieke Shi , Junda He , David Lo

One of the most common and important destructive attacks on the victim system is Advanced Persistent Threat (APT)-attack. The APT attacker can achieve his hostile goals by obtaining information and gaining financial benefits regarding the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Javad Hassannataj Joloudari , Mojtaba Haderbadi , Amir Mashmool , Mohammad GhasemiGol , Shahab S. , Amir Mosavi

The vulnerability of deep neural networks to adversarial examples has drawn tremendous attention from the community. Three approaches, optimizing standard objective functions, exploiting attention maps, and smoothing decision surfaces, are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Yi Huang , Adams Wai-Kin Kong

Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to exhibit vulnerabilities to jailbreaking attacks: carefully crafted malicious inputs intended to circumvent safety guardrails and elicit harmful responses. As such, we present AutoAdv, a novel…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Aashray Reddy , Andrew Zagula , Nicholas Saban

We present BadGD, a unified theoretical framework that exposes the vulnerabilities of gradient descent algorithms through strategic backdoor attacks. Backdoor attacks involve embedding malicious triggers into a training dataset to disrupt…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Chi-Hua Wang , Guang Cheng

A recent area of increasing research is the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in penetration testing, which promises to reduce costs and thus allow for higher frequency. We conduct a review of related work, identifying best practices and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Julius Henke

The industrial adoption of Artificial Intelligence for Engineering (AI4E) faces two fundamental bottlenecks: scarce high-quality data and the lack of interpretability in black-box models-particularly critical in safety-sensitive sectors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Haoxiang Zhang , Ruihao Yuan , Lihui Zhang , Yushi Luo , Qiang Zhang , Pan Ding , Xiaodong Ren , Weijie Xing , Niu Gao , Jishan Chen , Chubo Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a cornerstone of knowledge-intensive applications, including enterprise chatbots, healthcare assistants, and agentic memory management. However, recent studies show that knowledge-extraction…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Zhisheng Qi , Utkarsh Sahu , Li Ma , Haoyu Han , Ryan Rossi , Franck Dernoncourt , Mahantesh Halappanavar , Nesreen Ahmed , Yushun Dong , Yue Zhao , Yu Zhang , Yu Wang

EVMbench, released by OpenAI, Paradigm, and OtterSec, is the first large-scale benchmark for AI agents on smart contract security. Its results -- agents detect up to 45.6% of vulnerabilities and exploit 72.2% of a curated subset -- have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Chaoyuan Peng , Lei Wu , Yajin Zhou

Recent studies reveal that Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) can be manipulated by hidden backdoors, causing them to perform harmful actions when activated by physical triggers. However, it is still unclear how these triggers can be activated while…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Wenqing Li , Yue Wang , Muhammad Shafique , Saif Eddin Jabari

Adversarial attacks, wherein slight inputs are carefully crafted to mislead intelligent models, have attracted increasing attention. However, a critical gap persists between theoretical advancements and practical application, particularly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Sabrine Ennaji , Elhadj Benkhelifa , Luigi V. Mancini

While autonomous vehicle (AV) technology has shown substantial progress, we still lack tools for rigorous and scalable testing. Real-world testing, the $\textit{de-facto}$ evaluation method, is dangerous to the public. Moreover, due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Justin Norden , Matthew O'Kelly , Aman Sinha

There is an increasing adoption of artificial intelligence in safety-critical applications, yet practical schemes for certifying that AI systems are safe, lawful and socially acceptable remain scarce. This white paper presents the T\"UV…

The proliferation of autonomous AI agents marks a paradigm shift toward complex, emergent multi-agent systems. This transition introduces systemic security risks, including control-flow hijacking and cascading failures, that traditional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Sai Teja Reddy Adapala , Yashwanth Reddy Alugubelly

Software updates reduce the opportunity for exploitation. However, since updates can also introduce breaking changes, enterprises face the problem of balancing the need to secure software with updates with the need to support operations. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Giorgio Di Tizio , Michele Armellini , Fabio Massacci

Given the remarkable achievements of existing learning-based malware detection in both academia and industry, this paper presents MalGuise, a practical black-box adversarial attack framework that evaluates the security risks of existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Xiang Ling , Zhiyu Wu , Bin Wang , Wei Deng , Jingzheng Wu , Shouling Ji , Tianyue Luo , Yanjun Wu

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly enhanced the naturalness and flexibility of human computer interaction by enabling seamless understanding across text, vision, and audio modalities. Among these,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Binhao Ma , Hanqing Guo , Zhengping Jay Luo , Rui Duan
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