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Deep neural networks are used in many state-of-the-art systems for machine perception. Once a network is trained to do a specific task, e.g., bird classification, it cannot easily be trained to do new tasks, e.g., incrementally learning to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-10 Ronald Kemker , Marc McClure , Angelina Abitino , Tyler Hayes , Christopher Kanan

General continual learning (GCL) is a broad concept to describe real-world continual learning (CL) problems, which are often characterized by online data streams without distinct transitions between tasks, i.e., blurry task boundaries. Such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Zhiqi Kang , Liyuan Wang , Xingxing Zhang , Karteek Alahari

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are powerful tools in learning sophisticated but fixed mapping rules between inputs and outputs, thereby limiting their application in more complex and dynamic situations in which the mapping rules are not kept…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Guanxiong Zeng , Yang Chen , Bo Cui , Shan Yu

Continual learning refers to the ability of a biological or artificial system to seamlessly learn from continuous streams of information while preventing catastrophic forgetting, i.e., a condition in which new incoming information strongly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-04 German I. Parisi , Christopher Kanan

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) enhance the interpretability of AI systems, particularly by bridging visual input with human-understandable concepts, effectively acting as a form of multimodal interpretability model. However, existing CBMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Songning Lai , Mingqian Liao , Zhangyi Hu , Jiayu Yang , Wenshuo Chen , Hongru Xiao , Jianheng Tang , Haicheng Liao , Yutao Yue

The Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) Model is a recently proposed large-scale pre-train model which attracts increasing attention in the computer vision community. Benefiting from its gigantic image-text training set, the CLIP…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Yuxuan Ding , Lingqiao Liu , Chunna Tian , Jingyuan Yang , Haoxuan Ding

We consider the continual representation learning setting: sequentially pretrain a model $M'$ on tasks $T_1, \ldots, T_T$, and then adapt $M'$ on a small amount of data from each task $T_i$ to check if it has forgotten information from old…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Michael Sun , Ananya Kumar , Divyam Madaan , Percy Liang

Continual learning is the ability to sequentially learn over time by accommodating knowledge while retaining previously learned experiences. Neural networks can learn multiple tasks when trained on them jointly, but cannot maintain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-26 Frantzeska Lavda , Jason Ramapuram , Magda Gregorova , Alexandros Kalousis

Prompt-tuning methods for Continual Learning (CL) freeze a large pre-trained model and train a few parameter vectors termed prompts. Most of these methods organize these vectors in a pool of key-value pairs and use the input image as query…

Catastrophic forgetting/interference is a critical problem for lifelong learning machines, which impedes the agents from maintaining their previously learned knowledge while learning new tasks. Neural networks, in particular, suffer plenty…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-03-15 Soheil Kolouri , Nicholas Ketz , Xinyun Zou , Jeffrey Krichmar , Praveen Pilly

Catastrophic forgetting is a problem faced by many machine learning models and algorithms. When trained on one task, then trained on a second task, many machine learning models "forget" how to perform the first task. This is widely believed…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-03-05 Ian J. Goodfellow , Mehdi Mirza , Da Xiao , Aaron Courville , Yoshua Bengio

Continual learning strives to ensure stability in solving previously seen tasks while demonstrating plasticity in a novel domain. Recent advances in continual learning are mostly confined to a supervised learning setting, especially in NLP…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Stella Ho , Ming Liu , Shang Gao , Longxiang Gao

In the context of continual learning, prototypes-as representative class embeddings-offer advantages in memory conservation and the mitigation of catastrophic forgetting. However, challenges related to semantic drift and prototype…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Zhuowei Li , Long Zhao , Zizhao Zhang , Han Zhang , Di Liu , Ting Liu , Dimitris N. Metaxas

One of the objectives of continual learning is to prevent catastrophic forgetting in learning multiple tasks sequentially, and the existing solutions have been driven by the conceptualization of the plasticity-stability dilemma. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Seungyub Han , Yeongmo Kim , Taehyun Cho , Jungwoo Lee

Predictive Process Monitoring (PPM) aims to train models that forecast upcoming events in process executions. These predictions support early bottleneck detection, improved scheduling, proactive interventions, and timely communication with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Kelly Kurowski , Xixi Lu , Hajo A Reijers

Catastrophic forgetting occurs when a neural network loses the information learned in a previous task after training on subsequent tasks. This problem remains a hurdle for artificial intelligence systems with sequential learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-30 Joan Serrà , Dídac Surís , Marius Miron , Alexandros Karatzoglou

Our brains extract durable, generalizable knowledge from transient experiences of the world. Artificial neural networks come nowhere close to this ability. When tasked with learning to classify objects by training on non-repeating video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Morgan B. Talbot , Rushikesh Zawar , Rohil Badkundri , Mengmi Zhang , Gabriel Kreiman

Autonomous agents operating in domains such as robotics or video game simulations must adapt to changing tasks without forgetting about the previous ones. This process called Continual Reinforcement Learning poses non-trivial difficulties,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Anthony Kobanda , Odalric-Ambrym Maillard , Rémy Portelas

Humans learn all their life long. They accumulate knowledge from a sequence of learning experiences and remember the essential concepts without forgetting what they have learned previously. Artificial neural networks struggle to learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Timothée Lesort

Humans and most animals inherently possess a distinctive capacity to continually acquire novel experiences and accumulate worldly knowledge over time. This ability, termed continual learning, is also critical for deep neural networks (DNNs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Geng Liu , Fei Zhu , Rong Feng , Zhiqiang Yi , Shiqi Wang , Gaofeng Meng , Zhaoxiang Zhang
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