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Quantum optimization solvers typically rely on one-variable-to-one-qubit mapping. However, the low qubit count on current quantum computers is a major obstacle in competing against classical methods. Here, we develop a qubit-efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Bhuvanesh Sundar , Maxime Dupont

Proposed hybrid algorithms encode a combinatorial cost function into a problem Hamiltonian and optimize its energy by varying over a set of states with low circuit complexity. Classical processing is typically only used for the choice of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-25 Libor Caha , Alexander Kliesch , Robert Koenig

The presence of stochastic elements in combinatorial optimization problems makes them particularly challenging, as such problems quickly become intractable for classical computers even at relatively small sizes. In this work, we propose a…

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is one of the most prominent proposed applications for near-term quantum computing. Here we study the ability of QAOA to solve hard constraint satisfaction problems, as opposed to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-16 Sami Boulebnane , Ashley Montanaro

Quantum Computing promises to solve complex combinatorial optimization problems more efficiently than classical methods, with the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) being a leading candidate. Recent fixed-parameter variations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-04 Rodrigo Coelho , Georg Kruse , Jeanette Miriam Lorenz

We introduce a relax-and-round approach embedding the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) with $p\geq 1$ layers. We show for many problems, including Sherrington-Kirkpatrick spin glasses, that at $p=1$, it is as accurate as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-25 Maxime Dupont , Bhuvanesh Sundar

Solving combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) is a promising application of quantum computation, with the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) being one of the most studied quantum algorithms for solving them. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-21 J. A. Montanez-Barrera , Dennis Willsch , Kristel Michielsen

Quantum algorithms have been widely studied in the context of combinatorial optimization problems. While this endeavor can often analytically and practically achieve quadratic speedups, theoretical and numeric studies remain limited,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-07 Lucas T. Brady , Stuart Hadfield

Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms such as the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) are considered one of the most promising approaches for leveraging near-term quantum computers for practical applications. Such algorithms are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-16 Ruslan Shaydulin , Ilya Safro , Jeffrey Larson

Designing noisy-resilience quantum algorithms is indispensable for practical applications on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum~(NISQ) devices. Here we propose a quantum approximate optimization algorithm~(QAOA) with a very shallow circuit,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-27 Fang-Gang Duan , Dan-Bo Zhang

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm can be applied to search problems on graphs with a cost function that is a sum of terms corresponding to the edges. When conjugating an edge term, the QAOA unitary at depth p produces an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-19 Edward Farhi , David Gamarnik , Sam Gutmann

This paper introduces two techniques that make the standard Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) more suitable for constrained optimization problems. The first technique describes how to use the outcome of a prior greedy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-07 Wim van Dam , Karim Eldefrawy , Nicholas Genise , Natalie Parham

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) adopts a hybrid quantum-classical approach to find approximate solutions to variational optimization problems. In fact, it relies on a classical subroutine to optimize the parameters of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-31 Simone Tibaldi , Davide Vodola , Edoardo Tignone , Elisa Ercolessi

The Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz (QAOA+) framework has recently gained attention due to its ability to solve discrete optimization problems on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices in a manner that is amenable to derivation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-25 Sagnik Chatterjee , Debajyoti Bera

The exact cover problem is an NP-complete problem with broad applications. Studies show that although applying the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) to this problem can yield improved solution quality with deeper circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-16 Xiao-Hui Ni , Jia-Cheng Fan , Ling-Xiao Li , Zi-Wen Huang , Su-Juan Qin , Bing-Jie Xu , Wei-Huang , Fei Gao

We study online bipartite edge coloring, with nodes on one side of the graph revealed sequentially. The trivial greedy algorithm is $(2-o(1))$-competitive, which is optimal for graphs of low maximum degree, $\Delta=O(\log n)$ [BNMN IPL'92].…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Joakim Blikstad , Ola Svensson , Radu Vintan , David Wajc

Perfect Domination Problem (PDP), a canonical challenge in combinatorial optimization, finds critical applications in real-world systems such as error-correcting codes, wireless communication networks, and social networks. Decades of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-18 Haoqian Pan , Changhong Lu , Yuqing Zheng , Chunxing Yan

In the paint shop problem, an unordered incoming sequence of cars assigned to different colors has to be reshuffled with the objective of minimizing the number of color changes. To reshuffle the incoming sequence, manufacturers can employ a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Mirko Stappert , Bernhard Lutz , Janis Brammer , Dirk Neumann

The computational capabilities of near-term quantum computers are limited by the noisy execution of gate operations and a limited number of physical qubits. Hybrid variational algorithms are well-suited to near-term quantum devices because…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-09 Teague Tomesh , Nicholas Allen , Daniel Dilley , Zain Saleem

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a leading candidate for achieving quantum advantage in combinatorial optimization on Near-Term Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices. However, random initialization of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-30 Matthaus Zering , Jolyon Joyce , Tal Gurfinkel , Jingbo Wang