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Nonreciprocal interactions violating Newton's third law are common in a plethora of nonequilibrium situations ranging from predator-prey systems to the swarming of birds and effective colloidal interactions under flow. While many recent…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-10-07 Zhi-Feng Huang , Michael te Vrugt , Jonas Mayer Martins , Raphael Wittkowski , Hartmut Löwen

Reciprocity is a fundamental symmetry present in many natural phenomena and engineered systems. Distinct situations where this symmetry is broken are typically grouped under the umbrella term "nonreciprocity", colloquially defined by: the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-12 Michel Fruchart , Vincenzo Vitelli

We investigate the steady-state and dynamical properties of a reciprocal many-body system consisting of self-propelled active particles with local alignment interactions that exists within a fan-shaped neighborhood of each particle. We find…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-07-07 Wei-chen Guo , Zuo Wang , Pei-fang Wu , Li-jun Lang , Bao-quan Ai , Liang He

Nonreciprocity can profoundly alter the spectra and dynamics of open quantum systems, yet its impact on the long-time steady-state phases of matter has remained largely unexplored. Here we show that the interplay of nonreciprocity, symmetry…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Ding Gu , Zhanpeng Fu , Zhong Wang

Out of equilibrium, the lack of reciprocity is the rule rather than the exception. Non-reciprocal interactions occur, for instance, in networks of neurons, directional growth of interfaces, and synthetic active materials. While wave…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-04-20 Michel Fruchart , Ryo Hanai , Peter B. Littlewood , Vincenzo Vitelli

Symmetry breaking--the phenomenon in which the symmetry of a system is not inherited by its stable states--underlies pattern formation, superconductivity, and numerous other effects. Recent theoretical work has established the possibility…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2021-09-24 Ferenc Molnar , Takashi Nishikawa , Adilson E. Motter

A hallmark in natural systems, self-organization often stems from very simple interaction rules between individual agents. While single-species self-propelled particle (SPP) systems are well understood, the behavior of binary mixtures with…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-03-05 Eloise Lardet , Letian Chen , Thibault Bertrand

We focus on an interesting dissipative system found in a photonics system. In this dissipative system, we theoretically identified that robust causality is generated and as a result, it becomes possible to produce behavior that can be…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2025-12-16 Toshiya Sato

Spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) and exceptional points (EPs) are often assumed to be inherently linked. Here we investigate the intricate relationship between SSB and specific classes of EPs across three distinct, real-world scenarios…

Spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) is a key concept in physics that for decades has played a crucial role in the description of many physical phenomena in a large number of different areas, like particle physics, cosmology, and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-08-25 J. Smits , H. T. C. Stoof , P. van der Straten

A two species particle model on an open chain with dynamics which is non-conserving in the bulk is introduced. The dynamical rules which define the model obey a symmetry between the two species. The model exhibits a rich behavior which…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 E. Levine , R. D. Willmann

The combination of linear and nonlinear potentials, both shaped as a single well, enables competition between the confinement and expulsion induced by the former and latter potentials, respectively. We demonstrate that this setting leads to…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2018-10-18 Dmitry A. Zezyulin , Mikhail E. Lebedev , Georgy L. Alfimov , Boris A. Malomed

Non-reciprocal systems can be thought of as disobeying Newtons third law - an action does not cause an equal and opposite reaction. In recent years there has been a dramatic rise in interest towards such systems. On a fundamental level,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-12-06 Sergei Shmakov , Glasha Osipycheva , Peter B. Littlewood

Pair interactions between active particles need not follow Newton's third law. In this work we propose a continuum model of pattern formation due to non-reciprocal interaction between multiple species of scalar active matter. The classical…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-10-21 Suropriya Saha , Jaime Agudo-Canalejo , Ramin Golestanian

We show that even weak nonreciprocal alignment leads to large-scale structure formation in flocking mixtures. By combining numerical simulations of a binary Vicsek model and the analysis of coarse-grained continuum equations, we demonstrate…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-16 Charlotte Myin , Benoît Mahault

Non-reciprocal interactions between scalar fields that represent the concentrations of two active species are known to break the parity and time-reversal (PT) symmetries of the equilibrium state, as manifested in the emergence of travelling…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-09-01 Suropriya Saha , Ramin Golestanian

The mechanism of the electroweak symmetry-breaking (EWSB) is studied in the context of the heavy top quark, whose large mass may provide a clue as to the mechanism which generates the mass of the $W^\pm$ and $Z$ bosons. As a result, it…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Tim M. P. Tait

Spontaneous symmetry breaking plays a fundamental role in many areas of condensed matter and particle physics. A fundamental problem in ecology is the elucidation of the mechanisms responsible for biodiversity and stability. Neutral theory,…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2013-06-28 Claudio Borile , Miguel A. Muñoz , Sandro Azaele , Jayanth R. Banavar , Amos Maritan

Creation and manipulation of non-classical states of light is rapidly becoming the focus of modern attosecond science. Here, we demonstrate numerically how interaction with such states can trigger the emergence of a many-body system with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-15 Nikolai D. Klimkin , Misha Ivanov

The formation of dynamical patterns is one of the most striking features of nonequilibrium physical systems. Recent work has shown that such patterns arise generically from forces that violate Newton's third law, known as nonreciprocal…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-08-26 James Mason , Robert L. Jack , Maria Bruna
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