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We show that, in onium-onium scattering at (very) high energy, a transition to saturation happens due to quantum fluctuations of QCD dipoles. This transition starts when the order $\alpha^2$ correction of the dipole loop is compensated by…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 H. Navelet , R. Peschanski

Studying the interplay between the geometry of the loss landscape and the optimization trajectories of simple neural networks is a fundamental step for understanding their behavior in more complex settings. This paper reveals the presence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Marco Nurisso , Pierrick Leroy , Francesco Vaccarino

An example of an activation function $\sigma$ is given such that networks with activations $\{\sigma, \lfloor\cdot\rfloor\}$, integer weights and a fixed architecture depending on $d$ approximate continuous functions on $[0,1]^d$. The range…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-01 Aleksandr Beknazaryan

We build Floquet-driven capactive circuit networks to realize topological states of matter in the frequency domain. We find the Floquet circuit network equations of motion to reveal a potential barrier which effectively acts as a boundary…

Strong light-matter interactions can create non-equilibrium materials with on-demand novel functionalities. For periodically driven solids, the Floquet theorem provides the natural states to characterize the physical properties of these…

Optics · Physics 2025-10-30 Vishal Tiwari , Roman Korol , Ignacio Franco

We show that the HERA data for the inclusive structure function F_2(x,Q^2) for x < 0.01 and 0.045 < Q^2 < 45 GeV^2 can be well described within the color dipole picture, with a simple analytic expression for the dipole-proton scattering…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 E. Iancu , K. Itakura , S. Munier

Here we present a theoretical investigation of the Floquet spectrum in multiterminal quantum dot Josephson junctions biased with commensurate voltages. We first draw an analogy between the electronic band theory and superconductivity which…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-08-07 Régis Mélin , Romain Danneau , Kang Yang , Jean-Guy Caputo , Benoît Doucot

We have used modern supercomputer facilities to carry out extensive numerical simulations of statistical properties of 1D and 2D arrays of single-electron islands with random background charges, in the limit of small island…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-10 Daniel M. Kaplan , Victor A. Sverdlov , Konstantin K. Likharev

This paper explores the expressive power of deep neural networks for a diverse range of activation functions. An activation function set $\mathscr{A}$ is defined to encompass the majority of commonly used activation functions, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Shijun Zhang , Jianfeng Lu , Hongkai Zhao

This paper is the first attempt to build CGC/saturation model based on the next-to-leading order corrections to linear and non-linear evolution in QCD. We assume that the renormalization scale is the saturation momentum and found that the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-12-28 Carlos Contreras , Eugene Levin , Rodrigo Meneses , Irina Potashnikova

A lower bound on the capacity of the split-step Fourier channel is derived. The channel under study is a concatenation of smaller segments, within which three operations are performed on the signal, namely, nonlinearity, linearity, and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-10-24 Kamran Keykhosravi , Erik Agrell , Giuseppe Durisi

Periodically driven quantum systems can exhibit subharmonic response, usually characterized through physical observables and often discussed in interacting settings. Here we show that a sharp subharmonic signature already appears in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Rishabh Jha

Saturation effects affecting absorption and fluorescence spectra of an atomic vapor confined in an Extremely Thin Cell (cell thickness $L < 1 \mu m$) are investigated experimentally and theoretically. The study is performed on the $D_{2}$…

Classical Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 C. Andreeva , S. Cartaleva , L. Petrov , S. M. Saltiel , D. Sarkisyan , T. Varzhapetyan , D. Bloch , M. Ducloy

We analyze the layerwise effective dimension (rank of the feature matrix) in fully-connected ReLU networks of finite width. Specifically, for a fixed batch of $m$ inputs and random Gaussian weights, we derive closed-form expressions for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Darshan Makwana

We demonstrate that the dipole-hadron cross-section computed from the non-linear evolution equation for the Colour Glass Condensate saturates the Froissart bound in the case of a fixed coupling and for a small dipole (Q^2 >>…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-01-25 E. Ferreiro , E. Iancu , K. Itakura , L. McLerran

We use data on the deep inelastic structure function F_2 in order to constrain the cross-section for scattering a colour dipole off a proton. The data seem to prefer parameterisations which include saturation effects. That is they indicate…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 J. R. Forshaw , G. Shaw

Conventional techniques for imposing monotonicity in MLPs by construction involve the use of non-negative weight constraints and bounded activation functions, which pose well-known optimization challenges. In this work, we generalize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Davide Sartor , Alberto Sinigaglia , Gian Antonio Susto

Neural collapse is a phenomenon observed during the terminal phase of neural network training, characterized by the convergence of network activations, class means, and linear classifier weights to a simplex equiangular tight frame (ETF), a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Emily Liu

Photonic neural networks have demonstrated their potential over the past decades, but have not yet reached the full extent of their capabilities. One reason for this lies in an essential component - the nonlinear activation function, which…

Optics · Physics 2025-02-26 Grigorii Slinkov , Steven Becker , Dirk Englund , Birgit Stiller

Neural networks are universal function approximators which are known to generalize well despite being dramatically overparameterized. We study this phenomenon from the point of view of the spectral bias of neural networks. Our contributions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Qingguo Hong , Jonathan W. Siegel , Qinyang Tan , Jinchao Xu