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Current standard protocols used in the clinic for diagnosing COVID-19 include molecular or antigen tests, generally complemented by a plain chest X-Ray. The combined analysis aims to reduce the significant number of false negatives of these…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-01 Julian D. Arias-Londoño , Jorge A. Gomez-Garcia , Laureano Moro-Velazquez , Juan I. Godino-Llorente

Clinical decision-making in radiology increasingly benefits from artificial intelligence (AI), particularly through large language models (LLMs). However, traditional retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems for radiology question…

We develop an algorithm that can detect pneumonia from chest X-rays at a level exceeding practicing radiologists. Our algorithm, CheXNet, is a 121-layer convolutional neural network trained on ChestX-ray14, currently the largest publicly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-12-27 Pranav Rajpurkar , Jeremy Irvin , Kaylie Zhu , Brandon Yang , Hershel Mehta , Tony Duan , Daisy Ding , Aarti Bagul , Curtis Langlotz , Katie Shpanskaya , Matthew P. Lungren , Andrew Y. Ng

Amid the coronavirus disease(COVID-19) pandemic, humanity experiences a rapid increase in infection numbers across the world. Challenge hospitals are faced with, in the fight against the virus, is the effective screening of incoming…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-09 Md. Rezaul Karim , Till Döhmen , Dietrich Rebholz-Schuhmann , Stefan Decker , Michael Cochez , Oya Beyan

Chest X-Ray (CXR) is one of the most common diagnostic techniques used in everyday clinical practice all around the world. We hereby present a work which intends to investigate and analyse the use of Deep Learning (DL) techniques to extract…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-16 Leonardo Crespi , Daniele Loiacono , Arturo Chiti

Recent medical multimodal foundation models are built as multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) by connecting a CLIP-pretrained vision encoder to an LLM using LLaVA-style finetuning. This two-stage, decoupled approach introduces a projection layer that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Ashwin Kumar , Robbie Holland , Corey Barrett , Jangwon Kim , Maya Varma , Zhihong Chen , Yunhe Gao , Greg Zaharchuk , Tara Taghavi , Krishnaram Kenthapadi , Akshay Chaudhari

The rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) have unlocked their potential for multimodal tasks, where text and visual data are processed jointly. However, applying LLMs to medical imaging, particularly for chest X-rays (CXR),…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-11 Nicholas Evans , Stephen Baker , Miles Reed

Radiology is essential to modern healthcare, yet rising demand and staffing shortages continue to pose major challenges. Recent advances in artificial intelligence have the potential to support radiologists and help address these…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-14 Phillip Sloan , Edwin Simpson , Majid Mirmehdi

Developing generalist foundation model has recently attracted tremendous attention among researchers in the field of AI for Medicine (AI4Medicine). A pivotal insight in developing these models is their reliance on dataset scaling, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Xiaoman Zhang , Chaoyi Wu , Ziheng Zhao , Jiayu Lei , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Weidi Xie

Radiologists face high burnout rates, partially due to the increasing volume of Chest X-rays (CXRs) requiring interpretation and reporting. Automated CXR report generation holds promise for reducing this burden and improving patient care.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Aaron Nicolson , Jason Dowling , Bevan Koopman

Existing tool-augmented agentic systems are limited in the real world by (i) black-box reasoning steps that undermine trust of decision-making and pose safety risks, (ii) poor multimodal integration, which is inherently critical for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Yushi Feng , Junye Du , Yingying Hong , Qifan Wang , Lequan Yu

Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems for chest radiographs using artificial intelligence (AI) have recently shown a great potential as a second opinion for radiologists. The performances of such systems, however, were mostly evaluated on…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-08 Ngoc Huy Nguyen , Ha Quy Nguyen , Nghia Trung Nguyen , Thang Viet Nguyen , Hieu Huy Pham , Tuan Ngoc-Minh Nguyen

Echocardiography is the most widely used cardiac imaging modality, capturing ultrasound video data to assess cardiac structure and function. Artificial intelligence (AI) in echocardiography has the potential to streamline manual tasks and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Milos Vukadinovic , Xiu Tang , Neal Yuan , Paul Cheng , Debiao Li , Susan Cheng , Bryan He , David Ouyang

Medical Visual Question Answering (Med-VQA) combines computer vision and natural language processing to automatically answer clinical inquiries about medical images. However, current Med-VQA datasets exhibit two significant limitations: (1)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Bo Liu , Ke Zou , Liming Zhan , Zexin Lu , Xiaoyu Dong , Yidi Chen , Chengqiang Xie , Jiannong Cao , Xiao-Ming Wu , Huazhu Fu

Since the release of the original CheXpert paper five years ago, CheXpert has become one of the most widely used and cited clinical AI datasets. The emergence of vision language models has sparked an increase in demands for sharing reports…

Accurate and rapid detection of COVID-19 pneumonia is crucial for optimal patient treatment. Chest X-Ray (CXR) is the first line imaging test for COVID-19 pneumonia diagnosis as it is fast, cheap and easily accessible. Inspired by the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-20 Xin Zhang , Liangxiu Han , Tam Sobeih , Lianghao Han , Nina Dempsey , Symeon Lechareas , Ascanio Tridente , Haoming Chen , Stephen White

Image-to-text radiology report generation aims to automatically produce radiology reports that describe the findings in medical images. Most existing methods focus solely on the image data, disregarding the other patient information…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Nurbanu Aksoy , Serge Sharoff , Selcuk Baser , Nishant Ravikumar , Alejandro F Frangi

Explainability is critical for deep learning applications in healthcare which are mandated to provide interpretations to both patients and doctors according to legal regulations and responsibilities. Explainable AI methods, such as feature…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-01 Jinze Zhao

Ultrasound interpretation requires both precise lesion localization and holistic clinical reasoning, yet existing methods typically excel at only one of these capabilities: specialized detectors offer strong localization but limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Jing Zhang , Wentao Jiang , Tao Huang , Zhiwei Wang , Jianxin Liu , Jian Chen , Ping Ye , Gang Wang , Zengmao Wang , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao

This study investigates the integration of diverse patient data sources into multimodal language models for automated chest X-ray (CXR) report generation. Traditionally, CXR report generation relies solely on CXR images and limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Aaron Nicolson , Shengyao Zhuang , Jason Dowling , Bevan Koopman