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We study the text generation task under the approach of pre-trained language models (PLMs). Typically, an auto-regressive (AR) method is adopted for generating texts in a token-by-token manner. Despite many advantages of AR generation, it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Junyi Li , Tianyi Tang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jian-Yun Nie , Ji-Rong Wen

Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) based on the Transformer architecture have recently emerged as a dominant foundation model for a wide range of Natural Language Processing tasks. Nevertheless, their application in real-time scenarios…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Coleman Hooper , Sehoon Kim , Hiva Mohammadzadeh , Hasan Genc , Kurt Keutzer , Amir Gholami , Sophia Shao

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used for tasks such as natural language and code generation, but their outputs often suffer from issues like hallucination, toxicity, and incorrect results. Current libraries for structured LLM…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Shubham Ugare , Rohan Gumaste , Tarun Suresh , Gagandeep Singh , Sasa Misailovic

Code-generating Large Language Models (LLMs) have become essential tools in modern software development, enhancing productivity and accelerating development. This paper aims to investigate the fine-tuning of code-generating LLMs using…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Marina Sakharova , Abhinav Anand , Mira Mezini

Autonomous machine learning agents have revolutionized scientific discovery, yet they remain constrained by a Generate-Execute-Feedback paradigm. Previous approaches suffer from a severe Execution Bottleneck, as hypothesis evaluation relies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Jingsheng Zheng , Jintian Zhang , Yujie Luo , Yuren Mao , Yunjun Gao , Lun Du , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) substantially enhance developer productivity in repository-level code generation through interactive collaboration. However, as interactions progress, repository context must be continuously preserved and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Peiding Wang , Li Zhang , Fang Liu , Chongyang Tao , Yinghao Zhu

This study evaluates the efficiency of code generation by Large Language Models (LLMs) and measures their performance against human-crafted solutions using a dataset from Leetcode. We compare 18 LLMs, considering factors such as model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Tristan Coignion , Clément Quinton , Romain Rouvoy

Automated test generation is essential for software quality assurance, with coverage rate serving as a key metric to ensure thorough testing. Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in improving test…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-26 WeiZhe Xu , Mengyu Liu , Fanxin Kong

The ability to execute the test suite of a project is essential in many scenarios, e.g., to assess code quality and code coverage, to validate code changes made by developers or automated tools, and to ensure compatibility with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Islem Bouzenia , Michael Pradel

In recent years, end-to-end Large Language Model (LLM) technology has shown substantial advantages across various domains. As critical system software and infrastructure, compilers are responsible for transforming source code into target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Hongbin Zhang , Shihao Gao , Yang Liu , Mingjie Xing , Yanjun Wu , Chen Zhao

In real world software development, improper or missing exception handling can severely impact the robustness and reliability of code. Exception handling mechanisms require developers to detect, capture, and manage exceptions according to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Xuanming Zhang , Yuxuan Chen , Yiming Zheng , Zhexin Zhang , Yuan Yuan , Minlie Huang

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in automated code generation. In real-world software engineering, the growing demand for rapid iteration and continuous delivery underscores the importance of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Qianhui Zhao , Li Zhang , Fang Liu , Junhang Cheng , Chengru Wu , Junchen Ai , Qiaoyuanhe Meng , Lichen Zhang , Xiaoli Lian , Shubin Song , Yuanping Guo

Equivalent Representations (ERs) of code are textual representations that preserve the same semantics as the code itself, e.g., natural language comments and pseudocode. ERs play a critical role in software development and maintenance.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Jia Li , Ge Li , Lecheng Wang , Hao Zhu , Zhi Jin

A promising research direction in enabling LLMs to generate consistently correct code involves addressing their inability to properly estimate program execution, particularly for code they generate. In this work, we demonstrate that Code…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Gallil Maimon , Ori Yoran , Felix Kreuk , Michael Hassid , Gal Cohen , Pierre Chambon , Yossi Adi

Large language models (LLMs) are leading significant progress in code generation. Beyond one-pass code generation, recent works further integrate unit tests and program verifiers into LLMs to iteratively refine the generated programs.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Li Zhong , Zilong Wang , Jingbo Shang

Code generation agents powered by large language models (LLMs) are revolutionizing the software development paradigm. Distinct from previous code generation techniques, code generation agents are characterized by three core features. 1)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yihong Dong , Xue Jiang , Jiaru Qian , Tian Wang , Kechi Zhang , Zhi Jin , Ge Li

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated an impressive ability to generate codes on competitive programming tasks. However, with limited sample numbers, LLMs still suffer from poor accuracy. Inspired by the process of human…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Kechi Zhang , Zhuo Li , Jia Li , Ge Li , Zhi Jin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated great promise in generating code, especially when used inside an evolutionary computation framework to iteratively optimize the generated algorithms. However, in some cases they fail to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Niki van Stein , Anna V. Kononova , Lars Kotthoff , Thomas Bäck

Code generation is a latency-sensitive task that demands high timeliness. However, with the growing interest and inherent difficulty in repository-level code generation, most existing code generation studies focus on improving the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Qianhui Zhao , Li Zhang , Fang Liu , Xiaoli Lian , Qiaoyuanhe Meng , Ziqian Jiao , Zetong Zhou , Jia Li , Lin Shi

This paper proposes CES, a task to evaluate the abilities of LLMs in simulating program execution and using that reasoning in programming tasks. Besides measuring the correctness of variable predictions during execution simulation, CES…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Changshu Liu , Yang Chen , Reyhaneh Jabbarvand