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Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been widely used to learn vector representation of graph-structured data and achieved better task performance than conventional methods. The foundation of GNNs is the message passing procedure, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Takeshi D. Itoh , Takatomi Kubo , Kazushi Ikeda

Using Large Language Models (LLMs) to process graph-structured data is an active research area, yet current state-of-the-art approaches typically rely on multi-step pipelines with Graph Neural Network (GNN) encoders that compress rich…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Dario Vajda

While message passing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become increasingly popular architectures for learning with graphs, recent works have revealed important shortcomings in their expressive power. In response, several higher-order GNNs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Behrooz Tahmasebi , Derek Lim , Stefanie Jegelka

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art results on many graph analysis tasks such as node classification and link prediction. However, important unsupervised problems on graphs, such as graph clustering, have proved more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Anton Tsitsulin , John Palowitch , Bryan Perozzi , Emmanuel Müller

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown significant success for graph-based tasks. Motivated by the prevalence of large datasets in real-world applications, pooling layers are crucial components of GNNs. By reducing the size of input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Katharina Limbeck , Lydia Mezrag , Guy Wolf , Bastian Rieck

Graph Neural networks (GNNs) have recently become a powerful technique for many graph-related tasks including graph classification. Current GNN models apply different graph pooling methods that reduce the number of nodes and edges to learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Muhammad Ifte Khairul Islam , Max Khanov , Esra Akbas

Graph-level representation learning is the pivotal step for downstream tasks that operate on the whole graph. The most common approach to this problem heretofore is graph pooling, where node features are typically averaged or summed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Kaixuan Chen , Jie Song , Shunyu Liu , Na Yu , Zunlei Feng , Gengshi Han , Mingli Song

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are attracting growing attention due to their effectiveness and flexibility in modeling a variety of graph-structured data. Exiting GNN architectures usually adopt simple pooling operations (eg. sum, average,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Chenqing Hua , Guillaume Rabusseau , Jian Tang

Transformers have demonstrated success in graph learning, particularly for node-level tasks. However, existing methods encounter an information bottleneck when generating graph-level representations. The prevalent single token paradigm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Ruixiang Wang , Yuyang Hong , Shiming Xiang , Chunhong Pan

Graph convolutional neural networks (GCNNs) are a powerful extension of deep learning techniques to graph-structured data problems. We empirically evaluate several pooling methods for GCNNs, and combinations of those graph pooling methods…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-08 Mark Cheung , John Shi , Lavender Yao Jiang , Oren Wright , José M. F. Moura

Graph learning has become essential in various domains, including recommendation systems and social network analysis. Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as promising techniques for encoding structural information and improving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Lianghao Xia , Ben Kao , Chao Huang

Graph Neural Network (GNN) research has concentrated on improving convolutional layers, with little attention paid to developing graph pooling layers. Yet pooling layers can enable GNNs to reason over abstracted groups of nodes instead of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Frederik Diehl

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities across various tasks but remain prone to hallucinations in knowledge-intensive scenarios. Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA) mitigates this by grounding generation in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Shuai Wang , Xixi Wang , Yinan Yu

Graph pooling methods have been widely used on downsampling graphs, achieving impressive results on multiple graph-level tasks like graph classification and graph generation. An important line called node dropping pooling aims at exploiting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Gaichao Li , Jinsong Chen , John E. Hopcroft , Kun He

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in modeling sequential textual data and generalizing across diverse tasks. However, adapting LLMs to effectively handle structural data, such as knowledge graphs or web…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Jiarui Feng , Donghong Cai , Yixin Chen , Muhan Zhang

Graphs are an essential data structure utilized to represent relationships in real-world scenarios. Prior research has established that Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) deliver impressive outcomes in graph-centric tasks, such as link prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Xubin Ren , Jiabin Tang , Dawei Yin , Nitesh Chawla , Chao Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in various natural language processing tasks; however, their application to graph-related problems remains limited, primarily due to scalability constraints and the absence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Hyun Lee , Chris Yi , Maminur Islam , B. D. S. Aritra

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), which generalize deep neural networks to graph-structured data, have drawn considerable attention and achieved state-of-the-art performance in numerous graph related tasks. However, existing GNN models mainly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Zhen Zhang , Jiajun Bu , Martin Ester , Jianfeng Zhang , Chengwei Yao , Zhi Yu , Can Wang

With the development of graph convolutional networks (GCN), deep learning methods have started to be used on graph data. In additional to convolutional layers, pooling layers are another important components of deep learning. However, no…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Hongyang Gao , Yongjun Chen , Shuiwang Ji

Recent advances in molecular representation learning have produced highly effective encodings of molecules for numerous cheminformatics and bioinformatics tasks. However, extracting general chemical insight while balancing predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Rahul Khorana