Related papers: Fluid Acceleration in Heavy-Ion Collisions
We present measurements of the excitation function of elliptic flow at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at beam energies from 0.09 to 1.49 GeV per nucleon. For the integral flow, we discuss the interplay between collective expansion and…
Elliptic flow holds much promise for studying the early-time thermalization attained in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions. Flow measurements also provide a means of distinguishing between hydrodynamic models and calculations which…
The strength of transverse flow is examined as a function of transverse momentum $p_t$ using a simple, transversely moving thermal model and a more realistic, relativistic transport model (ART). It is shown that the $p_t$ dependence reveals…
The evolution of charged-particle production in collisions of heavy ions at relativistic energies is investigated as function of centrality in a nonequilibrium-statistical framework. Precise agreement with recent d + Au and Au + Au data at…
The bulk motion of nuclear matter at the ultra-high temperatures created in heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider is well described in terms of nearly inviscid hydrodynamics, thereby…
We discuss the use of the hydrodynamic model for the description of the evolution of dense matter formed in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. The collective flow observed in heavy-ion collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion…
Heavy-ion collisions at varying collision energies provide access to different regions of the QCD phase diagram. In particular collisions at intermediate energies are promising candidates to experimentally identify the postulated first…
Hadron spectra and elliptic flow in relativistic heavy-ion collisions are studied in event-by-event (3+1)D ideal hydrodynamic simulations with fluctuating initial conditions given by the AMPT Monte Carlo model. Both the coherent soft gluon…
In the context of the M\"uller-Israel-Stewart second-order theory for dissipative fluids due to Grad, we analyze the effects of thermal conduction and viscosity in heavy ion collisions. We contrast the results to those of the first-order…
Understanding the applicability of fluid-dynamical models to describe the hot and dense matter produced in the early stages of hadronic collisions is a fundamental problem in the field. In particular, it is not clear to what degree this…
The expansion of the fireball created in Au-Au collisions at 200GeV and Pb-Pb collisions at 2.76TeV is modelled using the relativistic viscous hydrodynamics. The experimentally observed interferometry radii are well reproduced. Additional…
In this work, the concept of QCD dynamical entropy is extended to heavy ion systems. This notion of entropy can be understood as a relative entropy and can also be used to estimate the initial entropy density in ultra-relativistic heavy ion…
Experimental probes of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) generated in heavy-ion collisions span a broad range in momentum scale: low transverse momentum (low $p_T$) measurements probe collective dynamics, while high $p_T$ measurements probe the…
There is a well-established relation between the spatial asymmetry in the initial stage of a heavy-ion collision and the final momentum anisotropy, which allows for a separation of effects from initial conditions vs. later evolution and has…
The quark-gluon plasma produced by collisions between ultra-relativistic heavy nuclei is well described in the language of hydrodynamics. Non-central collisions are characterized by very large angular momentum, which in a fluid system…
A model with non-uniform flow in the longitudinal direction is proposed for the relativistic heavy-ion collisions and compared with the 14.6 A GeV/c Si-Al and 10.8 A GeV/c Au-Au collision data. The stronger influence of transparency on the…
Hydrodynamic fluctuations have been studied in a wide variety of physical, chemical, and biological phenomena in the past decade. In high energy heavy ion collisions, there will be intrinsic fluctuations even if the initial conditions are…
The hadronic phase space distributions calculated with the transport model RQMD for central S(200 AGeV) on S and Pb(160AGeV) on Pb collisions are analyzed to study the deviations from ideal hydrodynamical evolution. After the preequilibrium…
The Ultrarelativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) model, a microscopic transport model, is used to study the directed and elliptic collective flows and the nuclear stopping in Au+Au collisions at incident energies covered by INDRA…
Many probes are proposed to determine the quark-gluon plasma and explore its properties in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Some of them are related to initial states of the collisions, such as collective flow, Hanbury-Brown-Twiss…