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Neural networks are usually trained by some form of stochastic gradient descent (SGD)). A number of strategies are in common use intended to improve SGD optimization, such as learning rate schedules, momentum, and batching. These are…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-08-13 Thomas M. Breuel

The stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm is the algorithm we use to train neural networks. However, it remains poorly understood how the SGD navigates the highly nonlinear and degenerate loss landscape of a neural network. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Liu Ziyin , Hongchao Li , Masahito Ueda

In distributed machine learning, a central node outsources computationally expensive calculations to external worker nodes. The properties of optimization procedures like stochastic gradient descent (SGD) can be leveraged to mitigate the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Maximilian Egger , Serge Kas Hanna , Rawad Bitar

With the vigorous development of artificial intelligence technology, various engineering technology applications have been implemented one after another. The gradient descent method plays an important role in solving various optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Jinhuan Duan , Xianxian Li , Shiqi Gao , Jinyan Wang , Zili Zhong

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) has become one of the most popular optimization methods for training machine learning models on massive datasets. However, SGD suffers from two main drawbacks: (i) The noisy gradient updates have high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-04-10 Soham De , Tom Goldstein

The training of machine learning models is typically carried out using some form of gradient descent, often with great success. However, non-asymptotic analyses of first-order optimization algorithms typically employ a gradient smoothness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Thomas Flynn

Optimization algorithms are pivotal in advancing various scientific and industrial fields but often encounter obstacles such as trapping in local minima, saddle points, and plateaus (flat regions), which makes the convergence to reasonable…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-15 Amir M. Vahedi , Horea T. Ilies

Solving inverse problems, such as parameter estimation and optimal control, is a vital part of science. Many experiments repeatedly collect data and rely on machine learning algorithms to quickly infer solutions to the associated inverse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Philipp Holl , Vladlen Koltun , Nils Thuerey

In nonsmooth optimization, a negative subgradient is not necessarily a descent direction, making the design of convergent descent methods based on zeroth-order and first-order information a challenging task. The well-studied bundle methods…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-13 Hanyang Li , Ying Cui

The article discusses distributed gradient-descent algorithms for computing local and global minima in nonconvex optimization. For local optimization, we focus on distributed stochastic gradient descent (D-SGD)--a simple network-based…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-09-17 Brian Swenson , Soummya Kar , H. Vincent Poor , José M. F. Moura , Aaron Jaech

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a prevalent optimization technique for large-scale distributed machine learning. While SGD computation can be efficiently divided between multiple machines, communication typically becomes a bottleneck…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Dmitrii Avdiukhin , Grigory Yaroslavtsev

Modern machine learning models are often over-parameterized and as a result they can interpolate the training data. Under such a scenario, we study the convergence properties of a sampling-without-replacement variant of stochastic gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Chen Fan , Christos Thrampoulidis , Mark Schmidt

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a workhorse algorithm for solving large-scale optimization problems in data science and machine learning. Understanding the convergence of SGD is hence of fundamental importance. In this work we examine…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-12-11 Lehan Chen , Yuji Nakatsukasa

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) and its momentum variants form the backbone of deep learning optimization, yet the underlying dynamics of their gradient behavior remain insufficiently understood. In this work, we reinterpret gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Zhipeng Yao , Rui Yu , Guisong Chang , Ying Li , Yu Zhang , Dazhou Li

In this paper, we investigate a general class of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithms, called Conditioned SGD, based on a preconditioning of the gradient direction. Using a discrete-time approach with martingale tools, we establish…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-17 Rémi Leluc , François Portier

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly trained with classical optimization techniques like AdamW to improve convergence and generalization. However, the mechanisms by which quantum-inspired methods enhance classical training remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Ahmet Erdem Pamuk , Emir Kaan Özdemir , Şuayp Talha Kocabay

We consider practical data characteristics underlying federated learning, where unbalanced and non-i.i.d. data from clients have a block-cyclic structure: each cycle contains several blocks, and each client's training data follow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Yucheng Ding , Chaoyue Niu , Yikai Yan , Zhenzhe Zheng , Fan Wu , Guihai Chen , Shaojie Tang , Rongfei Jia

A framework previously introduced in [3] for solving a sequence of stochastic optimization problems with bounded changes in the minimizers is extended and applied to machine learning problems such as regression and classification. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Craig Wilson , Yuheng Bu , Venugopal Veeravalli

Stochastic optimization algorithms are widely used for machine learning with large-scale data. However, their convergence often suffers from non-vanishing variance. Variance Reduction (VR) methods, such as SVRG and SARAH, address this issue…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Daniil Medyakov , Gleb Molodtsov , Savelii Chezhegov , Alexey Rebrikov , Aleksandr Beznosikov

One of the key advantages of Software-Defined Networks (SDN) is the opportunity to integrate traffic engineering modules able to optimize network configuration according to traffic. Ideally, network should be dynamically reconfigured as…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-11-26 Davide Sanvito , Ilario Filippini , Antonio Capone , Stefano Paris , Jeremie Leguay