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The success of large-scale visual language pretraining (VLP) models has driven widespread adoption of image-text retrieval tasks. However, their deployment on mobile devices remains limited due to large model sizes and computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yuqi Li , Chuanguang Yang , Junhao Dong , Zhengtao Yao , Haoyan Xu , Zeyu Dong , Hansheng Zeng , Zhulin An , Yingli Tian

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has become the de facto standard for tuning LLMs to solve tasks involving reasoning. However, growing evidence shows that models trained in such way often suffer from a significant loss in diversity. We argue…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Germán Kruszewski , Pierre Erbacher , Jos Rozen , Marc Dymetman

Knowledge distillation~(KD) has been proved effective for compressing large-scale pre-trained language models. However, existing methods conduct KD statically, e.g., the student model aligns its output distribution to that of a selected…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Lei Li , Yankai Lin , Shuhuai Ren , Peng Li , Jie Zhou , Xu Sun

In-context learning (ICL) allows large language models (LLMs) to solve novel tasks without weight updates. Despite its empirical success, the mechanism behind ICL remains poorly understood, limiting our ability to interpret, improve, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Chengye Li , Haiyun Liu , Yuanxi Li

Post-training of Large Language Models (LMs) often prioritizes accuracy and helpfulness at the expense of diversity. This creates a tension: while post-training improves response quality, it also sharpens output distributions and reduces…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Tianjian Li , Yiming Zhang , Ping Yu , Swarnadeep Saha , Daniel Khashabi , Jason Weston , Jack Lanchantin , Tianlu Wang

Knowledge distillation optimises a smaller student model to behave similarly to a larger teacher model, retaining some of the performance benefits. While this method can improve results on in-distribution examples, it does not necessarily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Joe Stacey , Marek Rei

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) offer parallel decoding and bidirectional context, but state-of-the-art dLLMs require billions of parameters for competitive performance. While existing distillation methods for dLLMs reduce inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Gongbo Zhang , Wen Wang , Ye Tian , Li Yuan

Knowledge distillation (KD) is an essential technique to compress large language models (LLMs) into smaller ones. However, despite the distinct roles of the student model and the teacher model in KD, most existing frameworks still use a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Songming Zhang , Xue Zhang , Tong Zhang , Bojie Hu , Yufeng Chen , Jinan Xu

We study the gradient flow for a relaxed approximation to the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence between a moving source and a fixed target distribution. This approximation, termed the KALE (KL approximate lower-bound estimator), solves a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-01 Pierre Glaser , Michael Arbel , Arthur Gretton

Distilling large language models (LLMs) typically involves transferring the teacher model's responses through supervised fine-tuning (SFT). However, this approach neglects the potential to distill both data (output content) and reward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Yudi Zhang , Lu Wang , Meng Fang , Yali Du , Chenghua Huang , Jun Wang , Qingwei Lin , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Dongmei Zhang , Saravan Rajmohan , Qi Zhang

Ensuring that Large Language Models (LLMs) generate text representative of diverse sub-populations is essential, particularly when key concepts related to under-represented groups are scarce in the training data. We address this challenge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Sabit Hassan , Anthony Sicilia , Malihe Alikhani

Distribution Matching Distillation (DMD) facilitates efficient inference by distilling multi-step diffusion models into few-step variants. Concurrently, Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a vital tool for aligning generative models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Dengyang Jiang , Dongyang Liu , Zanyi Wang , Qilong Wu , Liuzhuozheng Li , Hengzhuang Li , Xin Jin , David Liu , Changsheng Lu , Zhen Li , Bo Zhang , Mengmeng Wang , Steven Hoi , Peng Gao , Harry Yang

Knowledge distillation (KD) is a technique for transferring knowledge from complex teacher models to simpler student models, significantly enhancing model efficiency and accuracy. It has demonstrated substantial advancements in various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Junjie Yang , Junhao Song , Xudong Han , Ziqian Bi , Tianyang Wang , Chia Xin Liang , Xinyuan Song , Yichao Zhang , Qian Niu , Benji Peng , Keyu Chen , Ming Liu

A recent trend in Natural Language Processing is the exponential growth in Language Model (LM) size, which prevents research groups without a necessary hardware infrastructure from participating in the development process. This study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Jan Philip Wahle

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive zero-shot capabilities and versatility in NLP tasks, however they sometimes fail to maintain crucial invariances for specific tasks. One example is permutation sensitivity, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Adian Liusie , Yassir Fathullah , Mark J. F. Gales

The forward Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence is a ubiquitous objective for fitting a parameterized distribution to samples due to its tractability and equivalence to maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). Its inherent asymmetry, however, may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Omri Ben-Dov , Luiz F. O. Chamon

Deploying speaker verification on resource-constrained devices remains challenging due to the computational cost of high-capacity models; knowledge distillation (KD) offers a remedy. Classical KD entangles target confidence with non-target…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-22 Ju-ho Kim , Youngmoon Jung , Joon-Young Yang , Jaeyoung Roh , Chang Woo Han , Hoon-Young Cho

Knowledge distillation aims at transferring knowledge acquired in one model (a teacher) to another model (a student) that is typically smaller. Previous approaches can be expressed as a form of training the student to mimic output…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-02 Wonpyo Park , Dongju Kim , Yan Lu , Minsu Cho

Knowledge distillation (KD) is the process of transferring knowledge from a large model to a small one. It has gained increasing attention in the natural language processing community, driven by the demands of compressing ever-growing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Yuqiao Wen , Zichao Li , Wenyu Du , Lili Mou

Knowledge distillation is an effective approach to transferring knowledge from a teacher neural network to a student target network for satisfying the low-memory and fast running requirements in practice use. Whilst being able to create…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Xu Lan , Xiatian Zhu , Shaogang Gong