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A crucial component for the scene text based reasoning required for TextVQA and TextCaps datasets involve detecting and recognizing text present in the images using an optical character recognition (OCR) system. The current systems are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Amanpreet Singh , Guan Pang , Mandy Toh , Jing Huang , Wojciech Galuba , Tal Hassner

DeepSeek-OCR utilizes an optical 2D mapping approach to achieve high-ratio vision-text compression, claiming to decode text tokens exceeding ten times the input visual tokens. While this suggests a promising solution for the LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yunhao Liang , Ruixuan Ying , Bo Li , Hong Li , Kai Yan , Qingwen Li , Min Yang , Okamoto Satoshi , Zhe Cui , Shiwen Ni

Despite the rapid advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), a critical question regarding their visual grounding mechanism remains unanswered: do these models genuinely ``read'' text embedded in images, or do they merely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Yibo Peng , Peng Xia , Ding Zhong , Kaide Zeng , Siwei Han , Yiyang Zhou , Jiaqi Liu , Ruiyi Zhang , Huaxiu Yao

In recent years, general visual foundation models (VFMs) have witnessed increasing adoption, particularly as image encoders for popular multi-modal large language models (MLLMs). However, without semantically fine-grained supervision, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Tongkun Guan , Zining Wang , Pei Fu , Zhengtao Guo , Wei Shen , Kai Zhou , Tiezhu Yue , Chen Duan , Hao Sun , Qianyi Jiang , Junfeng Luo , Xiaokang Yang

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have enabled end-to-end document parsing and understanding, achieving strong performance on diverse optical character recognition (OCR) tasks. However, VLMs are prone to generate words that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Qian Chen , Xianyin Zhang , Lifan Guo , Feng Chen , Chi Zhang

Recent work has shown that Vision-Language Models (VLMs) used for optical character recognition (OCR) can generate plausible but visually unsupported text, suggesting reliance on language priors. Comparing open-weight VLMs with traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Antonia Karamolegkou , Nicolas Angleraud , Benoît Sagot , Thibault Clérice

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved strong performance on standard vision-language benchmarks, yet often rely on surface-level recognition rather than deeper reasoning. We propose visual word puzzles as a challenging alternative, as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Ali Najar , Alireza Mirrokni , Arshia Izadyari , Sadegh Mohammadian , Amir Homayoon Sharifizade , Asal Meskin , Mobin Bagherian , Ehsaneddin Asgari

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable ability in various language tasks, especially with their emergent in-context learning capability. Extending LLMs to incorporate visual inputs, large vision-language models (LVLMs) have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Aneesh Komanduri , Karuna Bhaila , Xintao Wu

Scoring the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) capabilities of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) has witnessed growing interest. Existing benchmarks have highlighted the impressive performance of LMMs in text recognition; however, their…

Cause-and-effect reasoning in video is a significant challenge for Vision-Language Models (VLMs), as it requires going beyond surface-level perception to a deeper understanding of causal mechanisms. However, existing benchmarks rarely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Mingfang Zhang , Jingjing Pan , Ashutosh Kumar , Rajat Saini , Mustafa Erdogan , Hsuan-Kung Yang , Caixin Kang , Yifei Huang , Yoichi Sato , Quan Kong

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) achieve strong performance on visual question answering benchmarks, yet often rely on spurious correlations rather than genuine causal reasoning. Existing evaluations primarily assess the correctness of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Dhita Putri Pratama , Soyeon Caren Han , Yihao Ding

Occlusion perception, a critical foundation for human-level spatial understanding, embodies the challenge of integrating visual recognition and reasoning. Though multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Zhaochen Liu , Kaiwen Gao , Shuyi Liang , Bin Xiao , Limeng Qiao , Lin Ma , Tingting Jiang

Reading dense text and locating objects within images are fundamental abilities for Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) tasked with advanced jobs. Previous LVLMs, including superior proprietary models like GPT-4o, have struggled to excel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Ya-Qi Yu , Minghui Liao , Jiwen Zhang , Jihao Wu

Text-rich VQA, namely Visual Question Answering based on text recognition in the images, is a cross-modal task that requires both image comprehension and text recognition. In this work, we focus on investigating the advantages and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Xuejing Liu , Wei Tang , Xinzhe Ni , Jinghui Lu , Rui Zhao , Zechao Li , Fei Tan

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have showcased exceptional Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning ability in complex textual inference tasks including causal reasoning. However, will these causalities remain straightforward when crucial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Zhiyuan Li , Heng Wang , Dongnan Liu , Chaoyi Zhang , Ao Ma , Jieting Long , Weidong Cai

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have advanced rapidly by aligning visual patches with the text embedding space, but a fixed visual-token budget forces images to be resized to a uniform pretraining resolution, often erasing fine-grained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Zipeng Zhu , Zhanghao Hu , Qinglin Zhu , Yuxi Hong , Yijun Liu , Jingyong Su , Yulan He , Lin Gui

Recent advancements in multimodal slow-thinking systems have demonstrated remarkable performance across various visual reasoning tasks. However, their capabilities in text-rich image reasoning tasks remain understudied due to the absence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Mingxin Huang , Yongxin Shi , Dezhi Peng , Songxuan Lai , Zecheng Xie , Lianwen Jin

We present DeepSeek-OCR 2 to investigate the feasibility of a novel encoder-DeepEncoder V2-capable of dynamically reordering visual tokens upon image semantics. Conventional vision-language models (VLMs) invariably process visual tokens in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Haoran Wei , Yaofeng Sun , Yukun Li

In recent years, notable advancements have been made in the domain of visual document understanding, with the prevailing architecture comprising a cascade of vision and language models. The text component can either be extracted explicitly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Ofir Abramovich , Niv Nayman , Sharon Fogel , Inbal Lavi , Ron Litman , Shahar Tsiper , Royee Tichauer , Srikar Appalaraju , Shai Mazor , R. Manmatha

Despite the impressive performance of vision-language models (VLMs) on downstream tasks, their ability to understand and reason about causal relationships in visual inputs remains unclear. Robust causal reasoning is fundamental to solving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Zhaotian Weng , Haoxuan Li , Xin Eric Wang , Kuan-Hao Huang , Jieyu Zhao
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