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Large Language Model (LLM) agents use memory to learn from past interactions, enabling autonomous planning and decision-making in complex environments. However, this reliance on memory introduces a critical security risk: an adversary can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Qianshan Wei , Tengchao Yang , Yaochen Wang , Xinfeng Li , Lijun Li , Zhenfei Yin , Yi Zhan , Thorsten Holz , Zhiqiang Lin , XiaoFeng Wang

Memory serves as the pivotal nexus bridging past and future, providing both humans and AI systems with invaluable concepts and experience to navigate complex tasks. Recent research on autonomous agents has increasingly focused on designing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Jiafeng Liang , Hao Li , Chang Li , Jiaqi Zhou , Shixin Jiang , Zekun Wang , Changkai Ji , Zhihao Zhu , Runxuan Liu , Tao Ren , Jinlan Fu , See-Kiong Ng , Xia Liang , Ming Liu , Bing Qin

Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) agents facilitate Graphical User Interface (GUI) automation but struggle with long-horizon, cross-application tasks due to limited context windows. While memory systems provide a viable solution,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Hongze Mi , Yibo Feng , WenJie Lu , Song Cao , Jinyuan Li , Yanming Li , Xuelin Zhang , Haotian Luo , Songyang Peng , He Cui , Tengfei Tian , Jun Fang , Hua Chai , Naiqiang Tan

Advances in large language models are making personalized AI agents a new research focus. While current agent systems primarily rely on personalized external memory databases to deliver customized experiences, they face challenges such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Junfeng Lu , Yueyan Li

Memory-augmented LLM agents maintain external memory banks to support long-horizon interaction, yet most existing systems treat construction, retrieval, and utilization as isolated subroutines. This creates two coupled challenges: strategic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Minhua Lin , Zhiwei Zhang , Hanqing Lu , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Qi He , Xiang Zhang , Suhang Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) based agents have demonstrated remarkable potential in autonomous task-solving across complex, open-ended environments. A promising approach for improving the reasoning capabilities of LLM agents is to better…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Siyu Xia , Zekun Xu , Jiajun Chai , Wentian Fan , Yan Song , Xiaohan Wang , Guojun Yin , Wei Lin , Haifeng Zhang , Jun Wang

The exploration of whether agents can align with their environment without relying on human-labeled data presents an intriguing research topic. Drawing inspiration from the alignment process observed in intelligent organisms, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Bo Wang , Tianxiang Sun , Hang Yan , Siyin Wang , Qingyuan Cheng , Xipeng Qiu

Safety evaluations of memory-equipped LLM agents typically measure within-task safety: whether an agent completes a single scenario safely, often under adversarial conditions such as prompt injection or memory poisoning. In deployment,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ahmad Al-Tawaha , Shangding Gu , Peizhi Niu , Ruoxi Jia , Ming Jin

LLM-driven agents are capable of selecting external tools to complete users' tasks. However, attackers could compromise such process, steering agents toward inappropriate/wrong tools and enabling malicious actions. Most existing attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Xuanye Zhang , Yongsen Zheng , Zhuqin Xu , Kaiyu Zhou , Bowen Shen , Haoran Ou , Tianwei Zhang , Kwok-Yan Lam

Reinforcement Learning faces an important challenge in partial observable environments that has long-term dependencies. In order to learn in an ambiguous environment, an agent has to keep previous perceptions in a memory. Earlier memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Alper Demir

We introduce \emph{Memento-Skills}, a generalist, continually-learnable LLM agent system that functions as an \emph{agent-designing agent}: it autonomously constructs, adapts, and improves task-specific agents through experience. The system…

Embodied task planning requires agents to execute long-horizon, goal-directed actions in complex 3D environments, where success depends on both immediate perception and accumulated experience across tasks. However, most existing LLM-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xiaoyu Ma , Lianyu Hu , Wenbing Tang , Zixuan Hu , Zeqin Liao , Zhizhen Wu , Yang Liu

This paper introduces a novel framework for proactive cross-domain resource orchestration in 6G RAN-Edge networks, featuring large language model (LLM)-augmented agents. The system comprises specialized RAN (energy efficiency) and Edge…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Hatim Chergui , Miguel Catalan Cid , Pouria Sayyad Khodashenas , Daniel Camps Mur , Christos Verikoukis

Remembering and forgetting mechanisms are two sides of the same coin in a human learning-memory system. Inspired by human brain memory mechanisms, modern machine learning systems have been working to endow machine with lifelong learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Jian Peng , Xian Sun , Min Deng , Chao Tao , Bo Tang , Wenbo Li , Guohua Wu , QingZhu , Yu Liu , Tao Lin , Haifeng Li

Real-world applications of reinforcement learning for recommendation and experimentation faces a practical challenge: the relative reward of different bandit arms can evolve over the lifetime of the learning agent. To deal with these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Srivas Chennu , Andrew Maher , Jamie Martin , Subash Prabanantham

Temporal abstraction in reinforcement learning is the ability of an agent to learn and use high-level behaviors, called options. The option-critic architecture provides a gradient-based end-to-end learning method to construct options. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Raviteja Chunduru , Doina Precup

Managing agent context (e.g., thought and observation) during multi-turn agent-environment interactions is an emerging strategy to improve agent efficiency. However, existing studies treat the entire interaction trajectories equally,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yansong Ning , Jun Fang , Naiqiang Tan , Hao Liu

Memory is the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information, allowing humans to retain experiences, knowledge, skills, and facts over time, and serving as the foundation for growth and effective interaction with the world. It…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Yaxiong Wu , Sheng Liang , Chen Zhang , Yichao Wang , Yongyue Zhang , Huifeng Guo , Ruiming Tang , Yong Liu

We present a theoretical study of continual and experiential learning in large language model agents that combine episodic memory with reinforcement learning. We argue that the key mechanism for continual adaptation, without updating model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jun Wang

Recent GUI agents have made substantial progress in visual grounding and action prediction, yet they remain brittle in long-horizon tasks that require maintaining task state across many interface transitions. Existing agents typically rely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ziyun Zeng , Hang Hua , Bocheng Zou , Mu Cai , Rogerio Feris , Jiebo Luo