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This paper examines the systemic risks posed by incremental advancements in artificial intelligence, developing the concept of `gradual disempowerment', in contrast to the abrupt takeover scenarios commonly discussed in AI safety. We…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Jan Kulveit , Raymond Douglas , Nora Ammann , Deger Turan , David Krueger , David Duvenaud

The emergence of artificial intelligence and robotics is catalyzing a profound transformation in the nature of human labor, fueling a contentious debate about the future of employment. While prominent studies predict substantial job…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Dongsoo Han

Work is fundamental to societal prosperity and mental health, providing financial security, identity, purpose, and social integration. The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has catalysed debate on job displacement. Some…

This study investigates the labor market consequences of AI by analyzing near real-time changes in employment status and work hours across occupations in relation to advances in AI capabilities. We construct a dynamic Occupational AI…

General Economics · Economics 2025-07-14 Jacob Dominski , Yong Suk Lee

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly embedded in the core functions of social, political, and economic life, it catalyzes structural transformations with far-reaching societal implications. This paper advances the concept of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Kyle A Kilian

AI risks are typically framed around physical threats to humanity, a loss of control or an accidental error causing humanity's extinction. However, I argue in line with the gradual disempowerment thesis, that there is an underappreciated…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Joshua Krook

Oversight and control, which we collectively call supervision, are often discussed as ways to ensure that AI systems are accountable, reliable, and able to fulfill governance and management requirements. However, the requirements for "human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 David Manheim , Aidan Homewood

Current efforts in AI safety prioritize filtering harmful content, preventing manipulation of human behavior, and eliminating existential risks in cybersecurity or biosecurity. While pressing, this narrow focus overlooks critical…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Sanchaita Hazra , Bodhisattwa Prasad Majumder , Tuhin Chakrabarty

Artificial intelligence (AI) signals the beginning of a revolutionary period where technological advancement and social change interact to completely reshape economies, work paradigms, and industries worldwide. This essay addresses the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Murat Ozer , Yasin Kose , Goksel Kucukkaya , Assel Mukasheva , Kazim Ciris

The adoption of human oversight measures makes it possible to regulate, to varying degrees and in different ways, the decision-making process of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, for example by placing a human being in charge of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Marion Ho-Dac , Baptiste Martinez

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in high-risk, decision-making scenarios presents technical, safety, and normative challenges; problems that may only be ameliorated by human oversight. However, notions of human oversight lack a…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is progressing rapidly, and companies are shifting their focus to developing generalist AI systems that can autonomously act and pursue goals. Increases in capabilities and autonomy may soon massively amplify…

This paper introduces the Structural Dissolution Framework to explain how artificial intelligence restructures the coordination architecture of traditional industries. We argue that AI dissolves the boundaries that once separated firms,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Chao Li , Chunyi Zhao

The relationship between humans and artificial intelligence is no longer science fiction -- it's a growing reality reshaping how we live and work. AI has moved beyond research labs into everyday life, powering customer service chats,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Cosimo Spera , Garima Agrawal

The rapid expansion of generative artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming work, creativity, and economic security in ways that extend beyond automation and productivity. This paper examines four interconnected dimensions of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Haocheng Lin

This review began with the modest goal of drafting a brief commentary on how the social work profession engages with and is impacted by artificial intelligence (AI). However, it quickly became apparent that a deeper exploration was required…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Matt Victor Dalziel , Krystal Schaffer , Neil Martin

Work must be reshaped in the upcoming new era characterized by new challenges and the presence of new technologies and computational tools. Over-automation seems to be the driver of the digitalization process. Substitution is the paradigm…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-04-07 David Pastor-Escuredo

This article develops the concept of the agentic economy and diagnoses its measurable preconditions: a transition in which economic action is increasingly distributed among humans, AI agents, industrial robots, executable protocols, compute…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-20 Davit Gondauri , Mikheil Batiashvili

What looks like acceleration can be a quiet transfer of burden from the present to the future. Attempts to replace human labor with AI systems are often presented as rational responses to technological progress, but that view is often…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Wolfgang Rohde

Future advances in AI that automate away human labor may have stark implications for labor markets and inequality. This paper proposes a framework to analyze the effects of specific types of AI systems on the labor market, based on how much…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Katya Klinova , Anton Korinek
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