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Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) achieve remarkable inference-time improvements through parallel thinking. However, existing methods rely on redundant sampling of reasoning trajectories, failing to effectively explore the reasoning space to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Zicheng Xu , Xiuyi Lou , Guanchu Wang , Yu-Neng Chuang , Feng Luo , Guangyao Zheng , Alexander S. Szalay , Zirui Liu , Vladimir Braverman

Existing methods to enhance the reasoning capability of large language models predominantly rely on supervised fine-tuning (SFT) followed by reinforcement learning (RL) on reasoning-specific data. These approaches critically depend on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Qingyang Zhang , Haitao Wu , Changqing Zhang , Peilin Zhao , Yatao Bian

Test-time scaling has enabled Large Language Models (LLMs) to tackle complex reasoning, yet the limitations of current Chain-of-Thought (CoT) evaluation obscures whether performance gains stem from genuine reasoning or mere verbosity. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Zhizhang Fu , Yuancheng Gu , Chenkai Hu , Hanmeng Liu , Yue Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong reasoning capabilities for many tasks, often by explicitly decomposing the task via Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. Recent work on LLM-based translation designs hand-crafted prompts to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Di Wu , Seth Aycock , Christof Monz

Reinforcement learning has become a central paradigm for improving LLM reasoning, but most existing methods optimize policies over discrete token sequences. This creates a mismatch between the optimization space and the structure of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Haoqiang Kang , Yizhe Zhang , Nikki Lijing Kuang , Yi-An Ma , Lianhui Qin

Decoding methods play an indispensable role in converting language models from next-token predictors into practical task solvers. Prior research on decoding methods, primarily focusing on task-specific models, may not extend to the current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Chufan Shi , Haoran Yang , Deng Cai , Zhisong Zhang , Yifan Wang , Yujiu Yang , Wai Lam

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced complex reasoning capabilities, particularly through extended chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning that incorporates mechanisms such as backtracking,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Baohao Liao , Xinyi Chen , Sara Rajaee , Yuhui Xu , Christian Herold , Anders Søgaard , Maarten de Rijke , Christof Monz

Large language models (LLMs), despite their impressive performance across a wide range of tasks, often struggle to balance two competing objectives in open-ended text generation: fostering diversity and creativity while preserving logical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Erfan Baghaei Potraghloo , Seyedarmin Azizi , Souvik Kundu , Massoud Pedram

Decoding strategies for generative large language models (LLMs) are a critical but often underexplored aspect of text generation tasks. Guided by specific hyperparameters, these strategies aim to transform the raw probability distributions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Esteban Garces Arias , Meimingwei Li , Christian Heumann , Matthias Aßenmacher

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable reasoning and planning capabilities, driving extensive research into task decomposition. Existing task decomposition methods focus primarily on memory, tool usage, and feedback…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Shuodi Liu , Yingzhuo Liu , Zi Wang , Yusheng Wang , Huijia Wu , Liuyu Xiang , Zhaofeng He

Continual learning aims to acquire new tasks while preserving performance on previously learned ones, but most methods struggle with catastrophic forgetting. Existing approaches typically treat all layers uniformly, often trading stability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Hengyi Wu , Zhenyi Wang , Heng Huang

Despite the strong reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), optimizing the execution efficiency of tensor programs remains challenging due to the need for precise, composable transformation decisions. Recent LLM-guided…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Mengfan Liu , Da Zheng , Junwei Su , Chuan Wu

Large language models often solve complex reasoning tasks more effectively with Chain-of-Thought (CoT), but at the cost of long, low-bandwidth token sequences. Humans, by contrast, often reason softly by maintaining a distribution over…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Yao Tang , Li Dong , Yaru Hao , Qingxiu Dong , Furu Wei , Jiatao Gu

Autoregressive large language models (LLMs) have made remarkable progress in various natural language generation tasks. However, they incur high computation cost and latency resulting from the autoregressive token-by-token generation. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Luciano Del Corro , Allie Del Giorno , Sahaj Agarwal , Bin Yu , Ahmed Awadallah , Subhabrata Mukherjee

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in natural language understanding and reasoning. However, their ability to perform exact, deterministic computation remains unclear. In this work, we systematically evaluate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Hongkun Yu

Recent studies on transformer-based language models show that they can answer questions by reasoning over knowledge provided as part of the context (i.e., in-context reasoning). However, since the available knowledge is often not filtered…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Zeming Chen , Gail Weiss , Eric Mitchell , Asli Celikyilmaz , Antoine Bosselut

Large language models (LLMs) excel at complex tasks thanks to advances in their reasoning abilities. However, existing methods overlook the trade-off between reasoning effectiveness and efficiency, often encouraging unnecessarily long…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jingyao Wang , Wenwen Qiang , Zeen Song , Changwen Zheng , Hui Xiong

Test-time compute methods can significantly improve the reasoning capabilities and problem-solving accuracy of large language models (LLMs). However, these approaches require substantially more computational resources, with most compute…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Xianzhi Li , Ethan Callanan , Abdellah Ghassel , Xiaodan Zhu

Long chain-of-thought~(CoT) has become a dominant paradigm for enhancing the reasoning capability of large reasoning models~(LRMs); however, the performance gains often come with a substantial increase in reasoning budget. Recent studies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jie Cao , Tianwei Lin , Zhenxuan Fan , Bo Yuan , Ziyuan Zhao , Rolan Yan , Wenqiao Zhang , Siliang Tang

Despite significant advancements in the general capability of large language models (LLMs), they continue to struggle with consistent and accurate reasoning, especially in complex tasks such as mathematical and code reasoning. One key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Zhenwen Liang , Ye Liu , Tong Niu , Xiangliang Zhang , Yingbo Zhou , Semih Yavuz