English
Related papers

Related papers: Cognitive Friction: A Decision-Theoretic Framework…

200 papers

Scaling training compute, measured in FLOPs, has long been shown to improve the accuracy of large language models, yet training remains resource-intensive. Prior work shows that increasing test-time compute (TTC)-for example through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Hossam Amer , Maryam Dialameh , Hossein Rajabzadeh , Walid Ahmed , Weiwei Zhang , Yang Liu

Enhancing the reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs) remains a core challenge in natural language processing. The Chain-of-Thought (CoT) paradigm dominates practical applications for its single-round efficiency, yet its…

The ultimate navigation efficiency of mobile robots in human environments will depend on how we will appraise them: merely as impersonal machines or as human-like agents. In the latter case, an agent may take advantage of the cooperative…

An agent that operates sequentially must incorporate new experience without forgetting old experience, under a fixed memory budget. We propose a framework in which memory is not a parameter vector but a stochastic process: a Bridge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Michael Chertkov

While theories of discourse and cognitive science have long recognized the value of unhurried pacing, recent dialogue research tends to minimize friction in conversational systems. Yet, frictionless dialogue risks fostering uncritical…

When should an autonomous agent commit resources to a task? We introduce the Agent Capability Problem (ACP), a framework for predicting whether an agent can solve a problem under resource constraints. Rather than relying on empirical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Shahar Lutati

Learning to defer (L2D) enables human-AI cooperation by deciding when an AI system should act autonomously or defer to a human expert. Existing L2D methods, however, assume static human performance, contradicting well-established findings…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Zheng Zhang , Cuong C. Nguyen , David Rosewarne , Kevin Wells , Gustavo Carneiro

Robotic planning in real-world scenarios typically requires joint optimization of logic and continuous variables. A core challenge to combine the strengths of logic planners and continuous solvers is the design of an efficient interface…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Joaquim Ortiz-Haro , Erez Karpas , Michael Katz , Marc Toussaint

Multi-dimensional online decision making plays a crucial role in many real applications such as online recommendation and digital marketing. In these problems, a decision at each time is a combination of choices from different types of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-14 Jie Zhou , Botao Hao , Zheng Wen , Jingfei Zhang , Will Wei Sun

Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) represent the gold standard for causal inference yet remain a scarce resource. While large-scale observational data is often available, it is utilized only for retrospective fusion, and remains discarded…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-05 Erdun Gao , Liang Zhang , Jake Fawkes , Aoqi Zuo , Wenqin Liu , Haoxuan Li , Mingming Gong , Dino Sejdinovic

Recent reasoning-augmented Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have improved the interpretability of end-to-end autonomous driving by generating intermediate reasoning traces. Yet these models primarily describe what they perceive and…

Large Language Models (LLMs) face a fundamental challenge in deciding when to rely on rapid, intuitive responses versus engaging in slower, more deliberate reasoning. Inspired by Daniel Kahneman's dual-process theory and his insights on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Y. Du , C. Guo , W. Wang , G. Tang

This work studies the problem of sequential control in an unknown, nonlinear dynamical system, where we model the underlying system dynamics as an unknown function in a known Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space. This framework yields a general…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Sham Kakade , Akshay Krishnamurthy , Kendall Lowrey , Motoya Ohnishi , Wen Sun

Due to the proliferation of short-form content and the rapid adoption of AI, opportunities for deep, reflective thinking have significantly diminished, undermining users' critical thinking and reducing engagement with the reasoning behind…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Seunghyun Yoo

In this paper the theory of flexibly-bounded rationality which is an extension to the theory of bounded rationality is revisited. Rational decision making involves using information which is almost always imperfect and incomplete together…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-06-11 Tshilidzi Marwala

Optimizing complex systems, ranging from LLM prompts to multi-turn agents, traditionally requires labor-intensive manual iteration. We formalize this challenge as a stochastic generative optimization problem where a generative language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xuanfei Ren , Allen Nie , Tengyang Xie , Ching-An Cheng

There have been two major lines of research aimed at capturing resource-bounded players in game theory. The first, initiated by Rubinstein, charges an agent for doing costly computation; the second, initiated by Neyman, does not charge for…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-08-20 Joseph Y. Halpern , Rafael Pass , Lior Seeman

Open-retrieval conversational machine reading comprehension (OCMRC) simulates real-life conversational interaction scenes. Machines are required to make a decision of "Yes/No/Inquire" or generate a follow-up question when the decision is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Xiao Zhang , Heyan Huang , Zewen Chi , Xian-Ling Mao

Continual learning in artificial neural networks is fundamentally limited by the stability--plasticity dilemma: systems that retain prior knowledge tend to resist acquiring new knowledge, and vice versa. Existing approaches, most notably…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-04-07 Gunn Kim

Planning is a critical component of end-to-end autonomous driving. However, prevailing imitation learning methods often suffer from mode collapse, failing to produce diverse trajectory hypotheses. Meanwhile, existing generative approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Lin Liu , Guanyi Yu , Ziying Song , Junqiao Li , Caiyan Jia , Feiyang Jia , Peiliang Wu , Yandan Luo