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In this paper, we introduce new general frameworks for estimating the maximal dimension of Hilbert cubes contained in finite truncations of arbitrary sets. As applications, we investigate Hilbert cubes in a range of arithmetic sets,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Ernie Croot , Junzhe Mao , Chi Hoi Yip

The aim of this Lecture Note is to introduce the Signal Processing (SP) community to a powerful yet still under-utilised tool: the semiparametric statistics. In short, the semiparametric framework allows us to estimate or perform hypothesis…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-26 Stefano Fortunati

Continuous first-order logic is used to apply model-theoretic analysis to analytic structures (e.g. Hilbert spaces, Banach spaces, probability spaces, etc.). Classical computable model theory is used to examine the algorithmic structure of…

Logic · Mathematics 2008-06-04 Wesley Calvert

Recent neural network and language models rely on softmax distributions with an extremely large number of categories. Since calculating the softmax normalizing constant in this context is prohibitively expensive, there is a growing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-26 Francois Fagan , Garud Iyengar

Accidental symmetries in effective field theories can be established by computing and comparing Hilbert series. This invites us to study them with the tools of invariant theory. Applying this technology, we spotlight three classes of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-12-10 Benjamín Grinstein , Xiaochuan Lu , Carlos Miró , Pablo Quílez

We study algorithmic randomness and monotone complexity on product of the set of infinite binary sequences. We explore the following problems: monotone complexity on product space, Lambalgen's theorem for correlated probability,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-06-29 Hayato Takahashi

Ufnarovski remarked in 1990 that it is unknown whether any finitely presented associative algebra of linear growth is automaton, that is, whether the set of normal words in the algebra form a regular language. If the algebra is graded, then…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2017-06-21 Dmitri Piontkovski

We consider the question of extending propositional logic to a logic of plausible reasoning, and posit four requirements that any such extension should satisfy. Each is a requirement that some property of classical propositional logic be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-07-07 Kevin S. Van Horn

Classical countably additive real-valued probabilities come at a philosophical cost: in many infinite situations, they assign the same probability value -- namely, zero -- to cases that are impossible as well as to cases that are possible.…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-08-29 Alexander R. Pruss

We introduce SMProbLog, a generalization of the probabilistic logic programming language ProbLog. A ProbLog program defines a distribution over logic programs by specifying for each clause the probability that it belongs to a randomly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Pietro Totis , Angelika Kimmig , Luc De Raedt

The purpose of this work is to expand and clarify the concept of the class of Gibbs random fields and give its structure the form accepted in the theory of random processes. It is possible thanks to the proposed purely probabilistic…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-04-29 L. A. Khachatryan , B. S. Nahapetian

Probabilistic programming languages (PPLs) are expressive means for creating and reasoning about probabilistic models. Unfortunately hybrid probabilistic programs, involving both continuous and discrete structures, are not well supported by…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Poorva Garg , Steven Holtzen , Guy Van den Broeck , Todd Millstein

This paper presents a Probabilistic State Algebra as an extension of deterministic propositional logic, providing a computational framework for constructing Markov Random Fields (MRFs) through pure linear algebra. By mapping logical states…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Dmitry Lesnik , Tobias Schäfer

In Probabilistic Logic Nilsson uses the device of a probability distribution over a set of possible worlds to assign probabilities to the sentences of a logical language. In his paper Nilsson concentrated on inference and associated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-10 Fahiem Bacchus

As physics searches for invariants in observations, this paper looks for invariants of probabilistic observation without assuming physical structure. Structure emerges from the basic assumption of science that new information shall lead to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Johann Summhammer

We first study probabilistic dynamical systems from logical perspective. To this purpose, we introduce the finitary dynamic probability logic} ($\mathsf{DPL}$), as well as its infinitary extension $\mathsf{DPL}_{\omega_1}\!$. Both these…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-01-17 Somayeh Chopoghloo , Massoud Pourmahdian

We determine the inner product on the Hilbert space of wavefunctions of the universe by imposing the Hermiticity of the quantum Hamiltonian in the context of the minisuperspace model. The corresponding quantum probability density reproduces…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-01-05 Alex Kehagias , Hervé Partouche , Nicolaos Toumbas

The maximum likelihood threshold (MLT) of a graph $G$ is the minimum number of samples to almost surely guarantee existence of the maximum likelihood estimate in the corresponding Gaussian graphical model. We give a new characterization of…

This Chapter develops a realist information-theoretic interpretation of the nonclassical features of quantum probabilities. On this view, what is fundamental in the transition from classical to quantum physics is the recognition that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-05-17 Jeffrey Bub

The hypothesis that high dimensional data tend to lie in the vicinity of a low dimensional manifold is the basis of manifold learning. The goal of this paper is to develop an algorithm (with accompanying complexity guarantees) for fitting a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-12-23 Charles Fefferman , Sanjoy Mitter , Hariharan Narayanan