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Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have leveraged increased test-time computation to enhance reasoning capabilities, a strategy that, while effective, incurs significant latency and resource costs, limiting their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Hao Wen , Xinrui Wu , Yi Sun , Feifei Zhang , Liye Chen , Jie Wang , Yunxin Liu , Yunhao Liu , Ya-Qin Zhang , Yuanchun Li

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for high-stakes decision-making, yet existing approaches struggle to reconcile scalability, interpretability, and reproducibility. Black-box models obscure their reasoning, while recent…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) that think with images can interactively use tools to reason about visual inputs, but current approaches often rely on a narrow set of tools with limited real-world necessity and scalability. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Zirun Guo , Minjie Hong , Feng Zhang , Kai Jia , Tao Jin

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have emerged as a powerful backbone for multimodal embeddings. Recent methods introduce chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning into the embedding pipeline to improve retrieval quality, but remain costly in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Longxiang Zhang , Weilong Dai , Guanghao Zhang , Hao Jiang , Pipei Huang

Code generation is crucial in software engineering for automating the coding process efficiently. While test-time computation methods show promise, they suffer from high latency due to multiple computation rounds. To overcome this, we…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Xiaoqing Zhang , Yuhan Liu , Flood Sung , Xiuying Chen , Shuo Shang , Rui Yan

LLM-as-a-Judge refers to the automatic modeling of preferences for responses generated by Large Language Models (LLMs), which is of significant importance for both LLM evaluation and reward modeling. Although generative LLMs have made…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Hui Huang , Yancheng He , Hongli Zhou , Rui Zhang , Wei Liu , Weixun Wang , Jiaheng Liu , Wenbo Su

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are making significant progress in multimodal reasoning. Early approaches focus on pure text-based reasoning. More recent studies have incorporated multimodal information into the reasoning steps;…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Dongjie Cheng , Yongqi Li , Zhixin Ma , Hongru Cai , Yupeng Hu , Wenjie Wang , Liqiang Nie , Wenjie Li

Test-time scaling via explicit reasoning trajectories significantly boosts large language model (LLM) performance but often triggers overthinking. To explore this, we analyze reasoning through two lenses: Reasoning Length Dynamics, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zihao Wei , Liang Pang , Jiahao Liu , Wenjie Shi , Jingcheng Deng , Shicheng Xu , Zenghao Duan , Fei Sun , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in code generation. The integration of Chain of Thought (CoT) reasoning can further boost their performance. However, current CoT methods often require manual writing or…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Guang Yang , Yu Zhou , Xiang Chen , Xiangyu Zhang , Terry Yue Zhuo , Taolue Chen

We introduce Meta-Reasoning Prompting (MRP), a novel and efficient system prompting method for large language models (LLMs) inspired by human meta-reasoning. Traditional in-context learning-based reasoning techniques, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Peizhong Gao , Ao Xie , Shaoguang Mao , Wenshan Wu , Yan Xia , Haipeng Mi , Furu Wei

Given a question, a language model (LM) implicitly encodes a distribution over possible answers. In practice, post-training procedures for LMs often collapse this distribution onto a single dominant mode. While this is generally not a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Isha Puri , Mehul Damani , Idan Shenfeld , Marzyeh Ghassemi , Jacob Andreas , Yoon Kim

Large language models (LLMs) have shown significant progress in reasoning tasks. However, recent studies show that transformers and LLMs fail catastrophically once reasoning problems exceed modest complexity. We revisit these findings…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Revanth Rameshkumar , Jimson Huang , Yunxin Sun , Fei Xia , Abulhair Saparov

Recommender systems are tasked to infer users' evolving preferences and rank items aligned with their intents, which calls for in-depth reasoning beyond pattern-based scoring. Recent efforts start to leverage large language models (LLMs)…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Kehan Zheng , Deyao Hong , Qian Li , Jun Zhang , Huan Yu , Jie Jiang , Hongning Wang

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have catalyzed the rise of reasoning-intensive inference paradigms, where models perform explicit step-by-step reasoning before generating final answers. While such approaches improve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zichuan Fu , Xian Wu , Guojing Li , Yejing Wang , Yijun Chen , Zihao Zhao , Yixuan Luo , Hanyu Yan , Yefeng Zheng , Xiangyu Zhao

LLMs demonstrate surface-level fluency in code generation but struggle with structured reasoning tasks requiring correctness and semantic alignment. While Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting enhances reasoning through intermediate steps, it…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Xunzhu Tang , Iyiola Emmanuel Olatunji , Tiezhu Sun , Jacques Klein , Tegawende F. Bissyande

To enhance the reasoning capabilities of off-the-shelf Large Language Models (LLMs), we introduce a simple, yet general and effective prompting method, Re2, i.e., \textbf{Re}-\textbf{Re}ading the question as input. Unlike most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Xiaohan Xu , Chongyang Tao , Tao Shen , Can Xu , Hongbo Xu , Guodong Long , Jian-guang Lou , Shuai Ma

Large language models (LLMs) have a substantial capacity for high-level analogical reasoning: reproducing patterns in linear text that occur in their training data (zero-shot evaluation) or in the provided context (few-shot in-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Batu Ozturkler , Nikolay Malkin , Zhen Wang , Nebojsa Jojic

Tool invocation significantly enhances the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet challenges persist, particularly in complex task scenarios. Current methods, such as instruction-enhanced reasoning and supervised fine-tuning,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Yifei Lu , Fanghua Ye , Jian Li , Qiang Gao , Cheng Liu , Haibo Luo , Nan Du , Xiaolong Li , Feiliang Ren

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) achieve strong performance on complex tasks through extended chains of thought but suffer from high inference latency due to autoregressive reasoning. Recent work explores using Small Reasoning Models (SRMs) to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Yi Zhao , Yajuan Peng , Cam-Tu Nguyen , Zuchao Li , Xiaoliang Wang , Xiaoming Fu , Hai Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across diverse tasks and exhibited impressive reasoning abilities by applying zero-shot Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting. However, due to the evolving nature of sentence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Feihu Jin , Yifan Liu , Ying Tan