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As LLM-based agents increasingly rely on external tools, it is important to evaluate their ability to sustain tool-grounded reasoning beyond familiar workflows and short-range interactions. We introduce AgentEscapeBench, an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Zhengkang Guo , Yiyang Li , Lin Qiu , Xiaohua Wang , Jingwen Xv , Dongyu Ru , Xiaoyu Li , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuezhi Cao , Xunliang Cai

Multi-agent LLM frameworks are widely used to accelerate the development of agent systems powered by large language models (LLMs). These frameworks impose distinct architectural structures that govern how agents interact, store information,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Abdelghny Orogat , Ana Rostam , Essam Mansour

Given that Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to automate software development, comprehensive software assurance spans three distinct goals: regression prevention, reactive reproduction, and proactive discovery. Current…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Steven Liu , Jane Luo , Xin Zhang , Aofan Liu , Hao Liu , Jie Wu , Ziyang Huang , Yangyu Huang , Yu Kang , Scarlett Li

Recent progress in large language model (LLM) agents has largely focused on embedding self-improvement mechanisms inside the agent or searching over many concurrent variants. While these approaches can raise aggregate scores, they often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Di Zhang

Developing autonomous agents for web-based tasks is a core challenge in AI. While Large Language Model (LLM) agents can interpret complex user requests, they often operate as black boxes, making it difficult to diagnose why they fail or how…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Orit Shahnovsky , Rotem Dror

Prompt injection attacks exploit vulnerabilities in large language models (LLMs) to manipulate the model into unintended actions or generate malicious content. As LLM integrated applications gain wider adoption, they face growing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Daniel Wankit Yip , Aysan Esmradi , Chun Fai Chan

What should a developer inspect before deploying an LLM agent: the model, the tool code, the deployment configuration, or all three? In practice, many security failures in agent systems arise not from model weights alone, but from the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Haiyue Zhang , Yi Nian , Yue Zhao

LLM agents are increasingly deployed to plan, retrieve, and write with tools, yet evaluation still leans on static benchmarks and small human studies. We present the Agent-Testing Agent (ATA), a meta-agent that combines static code…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Sameer Komoravolu , Khalil Mrini

Defenses against indirect prompt injection (IPI) in tool-using LLM agents share two structural weaknesses. First, they all attempt to prevent attacks rather than detect the compromises that slip through. Second, they have only been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yassin H. Rassul , Tarik A. Rashid

This article presents a modular, component-based architecture for developing and evaluating AI agents that bridge the gap between natural language interfaces and complex enterprise data warehouses. The system directly addresses core…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Nooshin Bahador

LLM-based user simulation is the primary mechanism for end-to-end agent evaluation, yet simulated users are poor proxies for real humans: unconstrained LLM defaults produce a Formalism Ceiling (style match rates of 6-8% against real users),…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Ming Zhu , Juntao Tan , Rithesh Murthy , Jielin Qiu , Liangwei Yang , Wenting Zhao , Silvio Savarese , Shelby Heinecke , Huan Wang

Automated evaluation of tool-using large language model (LLM) agents is widely assumed to be reliable, but this assumption has rarely been validated against human annotation. We introduce AgentProp-Bench, a 2,000-task benchmark with 2,300…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Bhaskar Gurram

While multi-agent LLM systems show strong capabilities in various domains, they are highly vulnerable to adversarial and low-performing agents. To resolve this issue, in this paper, we introduce a general and adversary-resistant multi-agent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Sana Ebrahimi , Mohsen Dehghankar , Abolfazl Asudeh

LLM agents are rapidly becoming the practical interface for task automation, yet the ecosystem lacks a principled way to choose among an exploding space of deployable configurations. Existing LLM leaderboards and tool/agent benchmarks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Yunxiao Shi , Wujiang Xu , Tingwei Chen , Haoning Shang , Ling Yang , Yunfeng Wan , Zhuo Cao , Xing Zi , Dimitris N. Metaxas , Min Xu

The robustness of LLMs to jailbreak attacks, where users design prompts to circumvent safety measures and misuse model capabilities, has been studied primarily for LLMs acting as simple chatbots. Meanwhile, LLM agents -- which use external…

Agentic AI systems combine LLM-based reasoning, orchestration, tool invocation, and interaction with external environments. These systems introduce faults that are difficult to characterize using existing taxonomies. To address this gap, we…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Mehil B Shah , Mohammad Mehdi Morovati , Mohammad Masudur Rahman , Foutse Khomh

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to build autonomous agents that perform complex tasks with external tools, often exposed through APIs in enterprise systems. Direct use of these APIs is difficult due to the complex input…

This paper presents an innovative large language model (LLM) agent framework for enhancing diagnostic accuracy in simulated clinical environments using the AgentClinic benchmark. The proposed automatic correction enables doctor agents to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Abhishek Dutta , Yen-Che Hsiao

With the development of foundation model (FM), agentic AI systems are getting more attention, yet their inherent issues like hallucination and poor reasoning, coupled with the frequent ad-hoc nature of system design, lead to unreliable and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Minh-Dung Dao , Quy Minh Le , Hoang Thanh Lam , Duc-Trong Le , Quoc-Viet Pham , Barry O'Sullivan , Hoang D. Nguyen

Agentic workflows -- where multiple large language model (LLM) instances interact to solve tasks -- are increasingly built on feedback mechanisms, where one model evaluates and critiques another. Despite the promise of feedback-driven…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Yifei Ming , Zixuan Ke , Xuan-Phi Nguyen , Jiayu Wang , Shafiq Joty