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Retrosynthetic planning is a critical task in organic chemistry which identifies a series of reactions that can lead to the synthesis of a target product. The vast number of possible chemical transformations makes the size of the search…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Binghong Chen , Chengtao Li , Hanjun Dai , Le Song

The synthesis of complex natural products remains one of the grand challenges of organic chemistry. We present DeepRetro, a major advancement in computational retrosynthesis that enables the discovery of viable synthetic routes for complex…

Retrosynthetic planning aims to devise a complete multi-step synthetic route from starting materials to a target molecule. Current strategies use a decoupled approach of single-step retrosynthesis models and search algorithms, taking only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Songtao Liu , Zhengkai Tu , Minkai Xu , Zuobai Zhang , Lu Lin , Rex Ying , Jian Tang , Peilin Zhao , Dinghao Wu

Retrosynthesis is the task of breaking down a chemical compound recursively step-by-step into molecular precursors until a set of commercially available molecules is found. Consequently, the goal is to provide a valid synthesis route for a…

Retrosynthetic planning is a fundamental problem in chemistry for finding a pathway of reactions to synthesize a target molecule. Recently, search algorithms have shown promising results for solving this problem by using deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Junsu Kim , Sungsoo Ahn , Hankook Lee , Jinwoo Shin

Retrosynthesis consists of breaking down a chemical compound recursively step-by-step into molecular precursors until a set of commercially available molecules is found with the goal to provide a synthesis route. Its two primary research…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Paula Torren-Peraire , Alan Kai Hassen , Samuel Genheden , Jonas Verhoeven , Djork-Arne Clevert , Mike Preuss , Igor Tetko

Retrosynthesis prediction aims to infer the reactant molecule based on a given product molecule, which is a fundamental task in chemical synthesis. However, existing models rely on static pattern-matching paradigm, which limits their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Xinyi Li , Sai Wang , Yutian Lin , Yu Wu , Yi Yang

Retrosynthesis is a technique to plan the chemical synthesis of organic molecules, for example drugs, agro- and fine chemicals. In retrosynthesis, a search tree is built by analysing molecules recursively and dissecting them into simpler…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-02-02 Marwin Segler , Mike Preuß , Mark P. Waller

Retrosynthesis prediction is a core task in organic synthesis that aims to predict reactants for a given product molecule. Traditionally, chemists select a plausible bond disconnection and derive corresponding reactants, which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Hanbum Ko , Chanhui Lee , Ye Rin Kim , Rodrigo Hormazabal , Sehui Han , Sungbin Lim , Sungwoong Kim

Expert-level scientific reasoning remains challenging for large language models, particularly on benchmarks such as Humanity's Last Exam (HLE), where rigid tool pipelines, brittle multi-agent coordination, and inefficient test-time scaling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Zhentao Tang , Yuqi Cui , Shixiong Kai , Wenqian Zhao , Ke Ye , Xing Li , Anxin Tian , Zehua Pei , Hui-Ling Zhen , Shoubo Hu , Xiaoguang Li , Yunhe Wang , Mingxuan Yuan

Retrosynthesis strategically plans the synthesis of a chemical target compound from simpler, readily available precursor compounds. This process is critical for synthesizing novel inorganic materials, yet traditional methods in inorganic…

From medicines to materials, small organic molecules are indispensable for human well-being. To plan their syntheses, chemists employ a problem solving technique called retrosynthesis. In retrosynthesis, target molecules are recursively…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-17 Marwin H. S. Segler , Mike Preuss , Mark P. Waller

Retrosynthesis, the process of breaking down a target molecule into simpler precursors through a series of valid reactions, stands at the core of organic chemistry and drug development. Although recent machine learning (ML) research has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Haorui Wang , Jeff Guo , Lingkai Kong , Rampi Ramprasad , Philippe Schwaller , Yuanqi Du , Chao Zhang

Retrosynthesis is essential for designing synthetic pathways for complex molecules and can be revolutionized by AI to automate and accelerate chemical synthesis planning for drug discovery and materials science. Here, we propose a…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-12-02 Seongeun Yun , Won Bo Lee

Synthesis planning is the process of recursively decomposing target molecules into available precursors. Computer-aided retrosynthesis can potentially assist chemists in designing synthetic routes, but at present it is cumbersome and…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2019-07-04 Shuangjia Zheng , Jiahua Rao , Zhongyue Zhang , Jun Xu , Yuedong Yang

Retrosynthesis prediction is one of the fundamental challenges in organic synthesis. The task is to predict the reactants given a core product. With the advancement of machine learning, computer-aided synthesis planning has gained…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2022-02-01 Yue Wan , Benben Liao , Chang-Yu Hsieh , Shengyu Zhang

While inorganic retrosynthesis planning is essential in the field of chemical science, the application of machine learning in this area has been notably less explored compared to organic retrosynthesis planning. In this paper, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Heewoong Noh , Namkyeong Lee , Gyoung S. Na , Chanyoung Park

A well-known pitfall of molecular generative models is that they are not guaranteed to generate synthesizable molecules. Existing solutions for this problem often struggle to effectively navigate exponentially large combinatorial space of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Seul Lee , Karsten Kreis , Srimukh Prasad Veccham , Meng Liu , Danny Reidenbach , Saee Paliwal , Weili Nie , Arash Vahdat

Retrosynthesis planning, essential in organic synthesis and drug discovery, has greatly benefited from recent AI-driven advancements. Nevertheless, existing methods frequently face limitations in both applicability and explainability.…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Situo Zhang , Hanqi Li , Lu Chen , Zihan Zhao , Xuanze Lin , Zichen Zhu , Bo Chen , Xin Chen , Kai Yu

Retrosynthesis is the process of recursively decomposing target molecules into available building blocks. It plays an important role in solving problems in organic synthesis planning. To automate or assist in the retrosynthesis analysis,…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-11-06 Chaochao Yan , Qianggang Ding , Peilin Zhao , Shuangjia Zheng , Jinyu Yang , Yang Yu , Junzhou Huang
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