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We construct differential geometry (connection, curvature, etc.) based on generalized derivations of an algebra ${\cal A}$. Such a derivation, introduced by Bresar in 1991, is given by a linear mapping $u: {\cal A} \rightarrow {\cal A}$…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-03-13 M. Heller , T. Miller , L. Pysiak , W. Sasin

This paper is the first from a series of papers that establish a common analogue of the strong component and basilica decompositions for bidirected graphs. A bidirected graph is a graph in which a sign $+$ or $-$ is assigned to each end of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-22 Nanao Kita

Given a directed acyclic graph (DAG) $G = (V,E)$, we say that $G$ is $(e,d)$-depth-robust (resp. $(e,d)$-edge-depth-robust) if for any set $S \subset V$ (resp. $S \subseteq E$) of at most $|S| \leq e$ nodes (resp. edges) the graph $G-S$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Jeremiah Blocki , Mike Cinkoske

We consider spectral methods that uncover hidden structures in directed networks. We establish and exploit connections between node reordering via (a) minimizing an objective function and (b) maximizing the likelihood of a random graph…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Xue Gong , Desmond John Higham , Konstantinos Zygalakis

With the help of a generalization of the Fermat principle in general relativity, we show that chains in CR geometry are geodesics of a certain Kropina metric constructed from the CR structure. We study the projective equivalence of Kropina…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2019-05-21 Jih-Hsin Cheng , Taiji Marugame , Vladimir S. Matveev , Richard Montgomery

This paper considers the problem of embedding directed graphs in Euclidean space while retaining directional information. We model a directed graph as a finite set of observations from a diffusion on a manifold endowed with a vector field.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-06-03 Dominique Perrault-Joncas , Marina Meila

Graph coarsening aims to diminish the size of a graph to lighten its memory footprint, and has numerous applications in graph signal processing and machine learning. It is usually defined using a reduction matrix and a lifting matrix,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Antonin Joly , Nicolas Keriven , Aline Roumy

In recent years, a close connection between supergravity, string effective actions and generalized geometry has been discovered that typically involves a doubling of geometric structures. We investigate this relation from the point of view…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-01-29 Eugenia Boffo , Peter Schupp

For conformal geometries of Riemannian signature, we provide a comprehensive and explicit treatment of the core local theory for embedded submanifolds of arbitrary dimension. This is based in the conformal tractor calculus and includes a…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-04-16 Sean. N Curry , A. Rod Gover , Daniel Snell

The combinatorial characterization of generic rigidity for bar-joint frameworks in dimensions $d \ge 3$ has been a long-standing open problem in discrete geometry. While the two-dimensional case was resolved in 1927 by Pollaczek-Geiringer…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-21 Alexander Heaton

The existing research on robust Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) fails to acknowledge the significance of directed graphs in providing rich information about networks' inherent structure. This work presents the first investigation into the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Zhichao Hou , Xitong Zhang , Wei Wang , Charu C. Aggarwal , Xiaorui Liu

Though commonly found in the real world, directed networks have received relatively less attention from the literature in which concerns their topological and dynamical characteristics. In this work, we develop a magnetic Laplacian-based…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Bruno Messias , Luciano da F. Costa

An undirected graph is Eulerian if it is connected and all its vertices are of even degree. Similarly, a directed graph is Eulerian, if for each vertex its in-degree is equal to its out-degree. It is well known that Eulerian graphs can be…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-04-23 Fedor V. Fomin , Petr A. Golovach

Graph Contrastive Learning (GCL) has emerged as a powerful tool for extracting consistent representations from graphs, independent of labeled information. However, existing methods predominantly focus on undirected graphs, disregarding the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Daohan Su , Yang Zhang , Xunkai Li , Rong-Hua Li , Guoren Wang

The reciprocal degree resistance distance index of a connected graph $G$ is defined as $RDR(G)=\sum\limits_{\{u,v\}\subseteq V(G)}\frac {d_G(u)+d_G(v)}{r_G(u,v)}$, where $r_G(u,v)$ is the resistance distance between vertices $u$ and $v$ in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-10-09 Gui-Dong Yu , Xing-Xing Li , Gai-Xiang Cai

A path deviation equation in the Parameterized Absolute Parallelism (PAP) geometry is derived. This equation includes curvature and torsion terms. These terms are found to be naturally quantized. The equation represents the deviation from a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 M. I. Wanas

We give detailed exposition of modern differential geometry from global coordinate independent point of view as well as local coordinate description suited for actual computations. In introduction, we consider Euclidean spaces and different…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-01-26 M. O. Katanaev

We show that arising out of noncmmutatve geometry is a natural family of {\em edge Laplacians} on the edges of a graph. The family includes a canonical edge Laplacian associated to the graph, extending the usual graph Laplacian on vertices,…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2015-03-17 Shahn Majid

We develop a theory of ultrametric graphons as limiting objects for random networks with nested hierarchical community structure. A graphon $W:[0,1]^2\to[0,1]$ is called ultrametric if $W(x,y)=w(d(x,y))$, where $d$ is an ultrametric on…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Ángel Alfredo Morán Ledezma

We exactly settle the complexity of graph realization, graph rigidity, and graph global rigidity as applied to three types of graphs: "globally noncrossing" graphs, which avoid crossings in all of their configurations; matchstick graphs,…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Zachary Abel , Erik D. Demaine , Martin L. Demaine , Sarah Eisenstat , Jayson Lynch , Tao B. Schardl