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A categorical framework for modeling and analyzing systems in a broad sense is proposed. These systems should be thought of as `machines' with inputs and outputs, carrying some sort of signal that occurs through some notion of time. Special…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2019-03-18 Patrick Schultz , David I. Spivak , Christina Vasilakopoulou

A general definition of a clock is proposed, and the role of clocks in establishing temporal pre-conditions in quantum mechanical questions is critically discussed. The different status of clocks as used by theorists external to a system…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Arlen Anderson

Temporal logics are an obvious high-level descriptive companion formalism to dynamical systems which model behavior as deterministic evolution of state over time. A wide variety of distinct temporal logics applicable to dynamical systems…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-12-11 Baltasar Trancón y Widemann

Timed transition systems are behavioural models that include an explicit treatment of time flow and are used to formalise the semantics of several foundational process calculi and automata. Despite their relevance, a general mathematical…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Tomasz Brengos , Marco Peressotti

In this paper, we build double theories capturing the idea of nondeterministic behaviors and trajectories. Following Libkind and Myers' Double Operadic Theory of Systems, we construct monoidal semi double categories of interfaces, along…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Paul Zhongpeng Wang

We present a derivation of the structure and dynamics of a ticking clock by showing that for finite systems a single natural principle serves to distinguish what we understand as ticking clocks from time-keeping systems in general. As a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-06 Ralph Silva , Nuriya Nurgalieva , Henrik Wilming

In this paper, we develop a representation-theoretic formulation of discrete-time linear systems. We show that such systems are naturally viewed as representations of time groups acting on vector spaces, thereby endowing the state space…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-13 Subhrajit Sinha

Chronotaxic systems represent deterministic nonautonomous oscillatory systems which are capable of resisting continuous external perturbations while having a complex time-dependent dynamics. Until their recent introduction in \emph{Phys.…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-06-22 Yevhen F. Suprunenko , Aneta Stefanovska

Being able to measure time, whether directly or indirectly, is a significant advantage for an organism. It permits it to predict regular events, and prepare for them on time. Thus, clocks are ubiquitous in biology. In the present paper, we…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2017-06-23 Andrei D. Robu , Christoph Salge , Chrystopher L. Nehaniv , Daniel Polani

The clockwork mechanism is a means of naturally generating exponential hierarchies in theories without significant hierarchies among fundamental parameters. We emphasize the role of interactions in the clockwork mechanism, demonstrating…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-10-25 Nathaniel Craig , Isabel Garcia Garcia , Dave Sutherland

This paper is the second in a series of two, and describes the current state of the art in modelling and prediction of chaotic time series. Sampled data from deterministic non-linear systems may look stochastic when analysed with linear…

chao-dyn · Physics 2008-02-03 Bjoern Lillekjendlie , Dimitris Kugiumtzis , Nils Christophersen

In the paper, elements of the system theory of time are presented, mathematical models for time are constructed, and various properties are deduced from the main principles of the system theory of time. This theory is a far-reaching…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Mark Burgin

Stochastic orders are very useful tool to compare the lifetimes of two coherent systems. We show that, under certain conditions, a coherent system of used components performs better (worse) than a used coherent system with respect to…

Applications · Statistics 2016-01-20 Nil Kamal Hazra , Asok K. Nanda

Temporal logics provide a formalism for expressing complex system specifications. A large body of literature has addressed the verification and the control synthesis problem for deterministic systems under such specifications. For…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-08-27 Lars Lindemann , George J. Pappas , Dimos V. Dimarogonas

Individual choices often depend on the order in which the decisions are made. In this paper, we expose a general theory of measurable systems (an example of which is an individual's preferences) allowing for incompatible (non-commuting)…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-06-20 V. I. Danilov , A. Lambert-Mogiliansky

In principle, all the natural systems such as biological, ecological and economical systems are structure-variable systems (in which some environment parameters are not fixed). In this Letter we show that data sequences from many…

comp-gas · Physics 2008-02-03 H. P. Fangi , L. Y. Cao

Living systems exhibit a range of fundamental characteristics: they are active, self-referential, self-modifying systems. This paper explores how these characteristics create challenges for conventional scientific approaches and why they…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Samson Abramsky , Wolfgang Banzhaf , Leo S. D. Caves , Michael Levin , Penousal Machado , Charles Ofria , Susan Stepney , Roger White

Stochastic differential equations describe well many physical, biological and sociological systems, despite the simplification often made in their derivation. Here the usage of simple stochastic differential equations to characterize and…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2016-07-27 Daniel Pumpe , Maksim Greiner , Ewald Müller , Torsten A. Enßlin

We present an implementation of a recently proposed procedure for defining time, based on the description of the evolving system and its clock as non-interacting, entangled systems, according to the Page and Wootters approach. We study how…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-13 Alessandro Coppo , Alessandro Cuccoli , Paola Verrucchi

We study a system whose dynamics are governed by predictions of its future states. A general formalism and concrete examples are presented. We find that the dynamical characteristics depend on how to shape the predictions as well as on how…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-06-25 Toru Ohira
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