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The spatial pattern of sea surface temperature (SST) plays a central role in shaping the climate system, yet the influence of land surface temperature (LST) remains poorly understood. Using a state-of-the-art coupled ocean--land--atmosphere…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Bosong Zhang , Timothy M. Merlis

Central to Earth observation is the trade-off between spatial and temporal resolution. For temperature, this is especially critical because real-world applications require high spatiotemporal resolution data. Current technology allows for…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-15 Shengjie Liu , Lu Zhang , Siqin Wang

Land Surface Temperature (LST) is a critical parameter for environmental studies, but directly obtaining high spatial resolution LST data remains challenging due to the spatio-temporal trade-off in satellite remote sensing. Guided LST…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Qun Dai , Chunyang Yuan , Yimian Dai , Yuxuan Li , Xiang Li , Kang Ni , Jianhui Xu , Xiangbo Shu , Jian Yang

Nowadays, thermal infrared satellite remote sensors enable to extract very interesting information at large scale, in particular Land Surface Temperature (LST). However such data are limited in spatial and/or temporal resolutions which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Binh Minh Nguyen , Ganglin Tian , Minh-Triet Vo , Aurélie Michel , Thomas Corpetti , Carlos Granero-Belinchon

High-resolution satellite imagery is essential for geospatial analysis, yet differences in spatial resolution across satellite sensors present challenges for data fusion and downstream applications. Super-resolution techniques can help…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-05 Philip Wootaek Shin , Vishal Gaur , Rahul Ramachandran , Manil Maskey , Jack Sampson , Vijaykrishnan Narayanan , Sujit Roy

Ensuring thermal comfort is essential for the well-being and productivity of individuals in built environments. Of the various thermal comfort indicators, the mean radiant temperature (MRT) is very challenging to measure. Most common…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Wei Liang , Yiting Zhang , Ji Zhang , Erica Cochran Hameen

Current Landsat Level 2 surface temperature products are derived using a single-channel (SC) methodology to estimate per-pixel surface temperature (ST) maps from Level~1 radiance data. A known issue with the Level 2 uncertainty, however, is…

The reconstruction of ocean subsurface temperature (OST) using satellite remote sensing data holds significant scientific value for advancing the understanding of ocean dynamics and climate variability. However, the scarcity of subsurface…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Ming Shan Loo , Wengen Li , Xudong Jiang , Hailiang Cheng , Zhifei Zhang , Jihong Guan , Yichao Zhang

For over 40 years, remote sensing observations of the Earth's oceans have yielded global measurements of sea surface temperature (SST). With a resolution of approximately 1km, these data trace physical processes like western boundary…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-03-23 J. Xavier Prochaska , Erdong Guo , Peter C. Cornillon , Christian E. Buckingham

Soil moisture (SM) plays a critical role in hydrological and meteorological processes. High-resolution SM can be obtained by combining coarse passive microwave data with fine-scale auxiliary variables. However, the inversion of SM at the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Ziyu Zhou , Keyan Hu , Ling Zhang , Zhaohui Xue , Yutian Fang , Yusha Zheng

The Landsat program offers over 50 years of globally consistent Earth imagery. However, the lack of benchmarks for this data constrains progress towards Landsat-based Geospatial Foundation Models (GFM). In this paper, we introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Isaac Corley , Lakshay Sharma , Ruth Crasto

During few last years, climate change including global warming which is attributed to human activities and also its long-term adverse effects on the planet's functions have been identified as the most challenging discussion topics which…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-04-18 Sepideh Azizi , Tahmineh Azizi

We propose a novel inverse-modelling approach which estimates the parameters of a simple land-surface model (LSM) by assimilating data into a differentiable physics-based forward model. The governing equations are expressed within a…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Ruiyue Huang , Claire E. Heaney , Maarten van Reeuwijk

More accurate, spatio-temporally, and physically consistent LST estimation has been a main interest in Earth system research. Developing physics-driven mechanism models and data-driven machine learning (ML) models are two major paradigms…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-07-12 Jun Ma , Huanfeng Shen , Menghui Jiang , Liupeng Lin , Chunlei Meng , Chao Zeng , Huifang Li , Penghai Wu

Heat exposure connects the built environment and public health, directly shaping the livability and sustainability of urban areas. Understanding the spatial heterogeneity of heat exposure and its drivers is vital for climate-adaptive urban…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Yuan Wang , Shengao Yi , Xiaojiang Li , Pengyuan Liu , Zhiwei Yang , Ronita Bardhan , Rudi Stouffs

A novel algorithm is developed to downscale soil moisture (SM), obtained at satellite scales of 10-40 km by utilizing its temporal correlations to historical auxiliary data at finer scales. Including such correlations drastically reduces…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-01-22 Subit Chakrabarti , Jasmeet Judge , Tara Bongiovanni , Anand Rangarajan , Sanjay Ranka

Land surface temperature (LST) super-resolution is important for environmental monitoring. However, it remains challenging as coarse thermal observations severely underdetermine fine-scale structure. In this paper, we propose Earth…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yiheng Chen , Zihui Ma , Peishi Jiang , Yilong Dai , Qikai Hu , Xinyue Ye , Lingyao Li , Rita Sousa , Runlong Yu

The analysis of climate regions is very important for designers and architects, because the increase in density and built up spaces and reduction in open spaces and green lands induce the increase of heat, especially in an urban area,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2011-01-25 Cristina Serban , Carmen Maftei

In this paper we quantify the performances of an automated weather forecast system implemented on the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) site at Mt. Graham (Arizona) in forecasting the main atmospheric parameters close to the ground. The…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-26 Alessio Turchi , Elena Masciadri , Luca Fini

The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) is a wide-field imaging system of unprecedented etendue. The initial goal of the project is to carry out a ten year imaging survey in six broad passbands (ugrizy) that cover $350 nm < \lambda < 1.1…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-14 Christopher W. Stubbs , Katrin Heitmann