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We review Euler's work on spherical geometry. After an introduction concerning the general place that trigonometric formulae occupy in geometry, we start by the two memoirs of Euler on spherical trigonometry, in which he establishes the…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-11-26 Athanase Papadopoulos , Vladimir Turaev

We review and comment on some works of Euler and his followers on spherical geometry. We start by presenting some memoirs of Euler on spherical trigonometry. We comment on Euler's use of the methods of the calculus of variations in…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2014-09-19 Athanase Papadopoulos

We address the issue of angular measure, which is a contested issue for the International System of Units (SI). We provide a mathematically rigorous and axiomatic presentation of angular measure that leads to the traditional way of…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2021-11-16 Martin Grötschel , Harald Hanche-Olsen , Helge Holden , Michael P. Krystek

This is the English translation of Leonhard Euler's Latin paper "De solidis quorum superficiem in planum explicare licet". Euler explains several methods to obtain equations for developable surfaces. Therefore, this paper might be…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2018-10-02 Leonhard Euler , Alexander Aycock

E30 in the Enestrom index. Translated from the Latin original "De formis radicum aequationum cuiusque ordinis coniectatio" (1733). For an equation of degree n, Euler wants to define a "resolvent equation" of degree n-1 whose roots are…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2008-06-12 Leonhard Euler

Around 1930, K. Menger expressed his interest in the concept of abstract angle function. He introduced a general definition of this notion for metric and semi-metric spaces. He also proposed two problems concerning conformal embeddability…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2021-11-11 Luis Felipe Prieto-Martínez

We re-derive Thales, Pythagoras, Apollonius, Stewart, Heron, al Kashi, de Gua, Terquem, Ptolemy, Brahmagupta and Euler's theorems as well as the inscribed angle theorem, the law of sines, the circumradius, inradius and some angle bisector…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2023-01-31 Martin Buysse

This is an attempt to present axioms for Euclidean geometry, aiming at the following goals: to work with geometric notions (thus not merely identify points with pairs of numbers, giving a special status to a particular coordinate system);…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Eliahu Levy

The initial techniques developed in Euclid's Elements, well before the use of the parallel postulate, are reexamined in order to clarify even the most obscure details, particularly those related to equality, superposition and angle…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2025-02-04 Peter M Johnson

The concept of angle, angle functions, and the question how to measure angles present old and well-established mathematical topics referring to Euclidean space, and there exist also various extensions to non-Euclidean spaces of different…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2016-07-26 Vitor Balestro , Ákos G. Horváth , Horst Martini , Ralph Teixeira

Unquestionably the greatest discovery of the Pythagoreans is the existence of incommensurable magnitudes, most probably the incommensurability of the diameter to the side of a square, but there is no agreement among historians of Greek…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-01-16 Stelios Negrepontis , Vassiliki Farmaki

We propose a discussion of angular momentum and its Euler equation, with the aim of giving a short outline of their history. This outline can be useful for teaching purposes too, to amend some problems that students can have in learning…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2015-11-25 Amelia Carolina Sparavigna

The angle defect, which is the standard way to measure curvature at the vertices of polyhedral surfaces, goes back at least as far as Descartes. Although the angle defect has been widely studied, there does not appear to be in the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-08-21 Ethan D. Bloch

These notes are a transcript of lectures given by the author in the XVIII Modave summer school in mathematical physics. The introduction is devoted to a detailed review of the literature on asymptotic symmetries, flat holography, and the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-07-13 Luca Ciambelli

The specialised uses of solid angles mean that they are quite unfamiliar quantities. This article, apart from making solid angles a little more familiar, brings out several topics of general interest, such as how units are interrelated and…

Physics Education · Physics 2021-08-18 Paul Quincey

The following notes are intended to make a small digression on the topics mentioned in the title of the same, since these were not addressed in the past tribute by the Institute of Physics of the UdeA. We believe more than platitude try to…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2010-06-23 Jonathan Taborda

Translation (by J.B.) from the original Latin of Euler's "De infinities infinitis gradibus tam infinite magnorum quam infinite parvorum" (1780). E507 in the Enestr\"om index. Euler discusses orders of infinity in this paper. In other words…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2009-05-16 Leonhard Euler , Jordan Bell

The parameterisation of rotations in three dimensional Euclidean space is an area of applied mathematics that has long been studied, dating back to the original works of Euler in the 18th century. As such, many ways of parameterising a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-09-27 Philipp Allgeuer , Sven Behnke

E158 in the Enestrom index. Translation of the Latin original "Observationes analyticae variae de combinationibus" (1741). This paper introduces the problem of partitions, or partitio numerorum (the partition of integers). In the first part…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2007-11-26 Leonhard Euler

E661 in the Enestrom index. This was originally published as "Variae considerationes circa series hypergeometricas" (1776). In this paper Euler is looking at the asymptotic behavior of infinite products that are similar to the Gamma…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2008-04-15 Leonhard Euler
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